多地监管亮剑 虚拟货币交易所开启“分布式办公”
♪ ♪ 3000; ♪ 3000; ♪ 3000; multi-supervised swords ♪ ♪ Virtual currency exchange opens a "distributive office" ♪
郑恩福/本报记者/何莎莎/北京报道
& #3000; #3000; JUNG Enfue/Reporter of this newspaper/Hossa/Beijing
近期，北京、上海、深圳等地监管部门，集中对虚拟货币交易所“亮剑”排查，涉及到的中小交易所被责令关停。面对监管部门的“亮剑”，众多交易所解散、失联。BISS（币市）交易所涉嫌非法集资被北京警方立案查处；Bithumb Global、Biger已停止了中国内地IP地址的访问；而GGBTC、牛顿、Mgex、Bibit和IDAX等交易所则疑似失联。
& #3000; #3000; #4000; recently, the regulatory departments of Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, etc., focused on the virtual currency exchange Swords, involving small and medium exchanges that were shut down. Faced with the regulatory sector's Swords, numerous exchanges were dissolved and lost. BISS (Money City) exchanges were opened by the Beijing police; Bitumb Global, Biger stopped visiting IP addresses in China and China; and the GGBTC, Newton, Mgex, Bibit and IDAX exchanges were suspected to be unconnected.
区块链原本是一个分布式的记账系统，是相对于中心化记账体统而言。但在监管的密集排查之下，《中国经营报》记者注意到，一些虚拟货币交易所选择了“分布式办公”。
& #3000; #3000; block chain was originally a distributed accounting system, as opposed to a centralized bookkeeping system. But, under intense scrutiny by the regulatory authorities, China Business journalists noted that a number of virtual currency exchanges chose “distributed office”.
北京大成律师事务所合伙人肖飒告诉记者，“对于交易所而言，不论在哪个国家开设虚拟货币交易所，只要在中国进行宣传、路演，诱导中国老百姓炒币，就触犯了相关的法律规定。”
3000; 3000; 4000; Xiao Xiaoxing, a partner at Dae-jung Law Firm, Beijing, told journalists that “for an exchange to open a virtual currency exchange, regardless of the country in which it is located, it is against the law that China people /spanspan id=quate_sh603883
交易所陆续被出清
& #3000; #4000; Exchanges are constantly cleared
记者在一位不愿透露姓名的知情律师处了解到，“BISS已经被正式立案调查，这种案子按照公诉流程，一般得经过1~2年才会有初步结果。参与这件事情的涉案人员都要抓，这种案子都是窝案。”
& #3000; #3000; journalist at an informed lawyer who doesn't want to reveal his name, learns that “BISS has been officially opened for investigation, which, according to the public prosecution process, usually takes 1 to 2 years to produce a preliminary result.
BISS一离职员工告诉记者，BISS所有非涉事人员都已经离职，部分员工离开了“币圈”，回到了互联网行业。该名员工还透露，将来BISS可能会淡化出币圈。
& #3000; #3000; 3000; BISS-I staff told reporters that all BISS non-associated personnel had left, some of them had left the “currency ring” and returned to the Internet industry. The employee also revealed that BISs might dilute the currency ring in the future.
区块链数据网站非小号官方公告显示，非小号已于2019年11月12日下架了GGBTC、牛顿、Mgex和Bibit四个交易所的相关数据，原因在于自2019年11月6日起三个工作日内，无法与交易所官方团队取得联系。
& #3000; #3000; non-small official bulletins of the block chain data site indicate that the non-small numbers were placed on the GGBTC, Newton, Mgex and Bibit exchanges on 12 November 2019 because they could not contact the official exchange team for three working days from 6 November 2019.
GGBTC官方微博在2019年11月22日发布公告称，为保证服务器的运行稳定和服务器质量，GGBTC所有服务器将于2019年11月22日进行停机维护。但2019年11月29日，GGBTC发布了一条上币宣传海报后，再无更新。
On 22 November 2019, GGBTC issued an announcement stating that all GGBTC servers would be shut down on 22 November 2019 in order to ensure the server's operational stability and the quality of the server. However, on 29 November 2019, GGBTC released a billboard poster that was not updated.
记者登录GGBTC官方网站看到，该网站已经停止了维护，除包括比特币在内的几个主流币种外，其他虚拟币几乎都跌破了发行价格，其中一个名为DEFI的虚拟币，从最高0.107美元跌到了0.029美元，最高跌幅达73%。
& #3000; 3000; journalist access to the GGBTC official website shows that the website has ceased to be maintained and that, with the exception of several mainstream currencies, including Bitcoin, virtually all of the other virtual currencies have fallen through the issuance price, one of them, DEFI, falling from a maximum of $0.107 to $0.029, with a peak decline of 73 per cent.
GGBTC离职人员赵宇（化名）向记者透露，“GGBTC之所以停止运营，除了监管方面的原因，主要还是因为用户无法提币，且当时平台币没有翻倍。公司不盈利，已经运营不下去了，没有钱给员工发工资。”
& #3000; 3000; GGBTC ex-employee Zhao Woo, revealed to journalists that “GGBTC ceased operations for other than regulatory reasons, mainly because the user was unable to raise the currency and there was no doubling of the platform currency at the time. The company is not profitable, can no longer operate and has no money to pay its employees.”
据财经网报道，有多位该交易平台用户表示，GGBTC交易所无法提现，大量用户资产无法取回。
& #3000; 3000; according to the Financial Information Network, several users of the trading platform reported that the GGBTC exchange could not be cashed and a large number of user assets could not be retrieved.
而就“GGBTC交易所跑路”一事，赵宇告诉记者，“作为一名前员工，定义为跑路没有错，因为确实老板和公司没办法赔偿用户的利益。但如果说老板不负责任跑路，我会反驳一下，其实老板也想找一些资金补偿给用户，但具体填补多大的坑，我不清楚。”
& #3000; #3000; #x3000; and in the case of the “GGBTC Exchange Runway”, Zhao Woo told reporters that “as a former employee, it is not wrong to be defined as running, because it is true that the owner and the company can't compensate the user. If the owner runs the road irresponsiblely, I will rebut the fact that the boss wants to find some money to compensate the user, but I don't know what kind of a hole it is.”
公开消息显示，GGBTC是2019年年初成立的一家虚拟货币交易所，曾获得比升资本、共识实验室、辉客资本、卓越资本、山水资本、洞察资本等多家机构联合投资。
& #3000; #3000; #4000; public sources indicate that GGBTC is a virtual currency exchange established at the beginning of 2019 and has been co-invested in multiple institutions such as upgraded capital, consensus laboratories, guest capital, excellence capital, mountain water capital, insight capital, etc.
据赵宇透露，GGBTC在“出事”前，曾尝试在新加坡等国家申请交易所金融牌照，但海外牌照问题还没解决，交易所就先出了问题。
& #3000; #3000; According to Zhao Woo, GGBTC tried to apply for an exchange's financial license plate in countries such as Singapore before the incident, but the issue of offshore license plates was solved before the exchange went into trouble.
虚拟货币交易所的“藏身之技”
& # x 3000; & # x 3000; “Hideing technique” of the Virtual Currency Exchange
基于区块链这一分布式的记账系统，一些虚拟货币交易所开始采取“分布式办公”。
& #3000; #3000; based on a distributed accounting system of block chains, some virtual currency exchanges have introduced “distributed office”.
张海洋（化名）就在一家二线虚拟货币交易所工作。“自从交易所面临新一轮的清查后，我们也开始采取分布式办公，技术团队分布在一个城市，其他团队分布在另外的几个城市，团队采用线上沟通方式。”
& #3000; #3000; #x3000; Sea is working on a second-line virtual currency exchange. "Since the exchange faced a new round of inventory, we have also started to operate in a distributed manner, with technical teams in one city, other teams in several other cities, and teams communicate online."
目前，该交易所已经将业务重心放在海外，重点针对海外用户。“我们也上国内项目，但不上虚假项目。”张海洋这样定义审核规则，“项目白皮书中披露的团队、私募信息一定要真实，虚假项目我们不上。”
& #3000; #3000; currently, the exchange has focused its operations overseas, focusing on overseas users. "We are also on domestic projects, but not on false projects. "The ocean defines the rules for auditing. "The team, private fund-raising information disclosed in the White Paper of the project must be true, and we don't have false items."
采用分布式办公的，不止张海洋所在的一家交易所。
& #3000; 3000; distributed, with more than one exchange where the ocean is located.
李纯（化名）最近加入一家同样规模的二线虚拟货币交易所，她所在的办公地点只是公司其中一个半公开的办公地点。之所以半公开，是因为仅对投资人和部分大户开放，对外则是保密状态。
& #3000; #3000; 4000; Lee Jun (alias) recently joined a second-line virtual currency exchange of the same size, where she is located only in one of the company’s semi-public premises.
李纯还透露：“我们在全国多个城市都有办公地点，北京这边有两个，但办公地址我也不清楚，公司的人不会刻意跟你讲。”
& #3000; #3000; #x3000; and Lee Jun also states: “We have offices in several cities across the country, two in Beijing, but I don't know the address, and the company's people don't want to talk to you.”
张海洋告诉记者，“现在很多交易所，除了开发团队，其他部门都是分布式办公，主要原因也是因为目前监管部门对虚拟货币交易所的清查。”
& #3000; #3000; #x3000; Zhang Ocean told journalists that “many exchanges now, apart from development teams, are spread out in other sectors, mainly because of the current regulatory inventory of the Virtual Currency Exchange.”
实际上，在币圈，张海洋和李纯们工作的这些虚拟货币交易所采用的“分布式办公”模式，由Biance（币安）交易所首创，只是近期越来越成为国内虚拟货币交易所的主流办公方式。
In fact, the “distribute office” model used for these virtual currency transactions in the currency circle, where the seas and the Lee Junmen work, was initiated by the Bionéné Exchange, but has recently become more and more dominant in the domestic virtual currency exchange.
公开资料显示，币安在全球有600多人的团队，虽然团队规模并不算大，但员工来自全球30多个国家和地区，所管辖的用户却分布在全球180多个国家和地区。其联合创始人何一曾公开表示，“币安在全球四十几个国家和地区都有同事在，从前大家都是在家办公，有些在同一个城市的小伙伴聚到一块，在咖啡厅或者 Wework 办公而已。分布式办公的优点是可以处理不同地域、不同文化的用户需求。”
& #3000; #3000; public information shows that the currency has more than 600 teams around the world, and although the size of the team is not large, it has more than 30 countries and territories around the globe, with users in its jurisdiction spread across more than 180 countries and territories. The co-founder of the coin has stated publicly that “the money is co-located in more than 40 countries and territories around the world, where all used to be home-based, with some small partners in the same city co-located together in cafes or on the Webwork. The advantage of the distributed office is that it can address the needs of users from different geographical regions and different cultures.”
一名不愿透露姓名的业内人士告诉记者，自2019年11月份开始，为躲避监管部门的清查，一些虚拟货币交易所，已经把运营、市场、财务团队转到国外，只把技术团队留在国内。同时，有的虚拟货币交易所还会将市场、运营、开发等不同的部门安排在不同的城市办公，甚至在家办公。
& #3000; #3000; #4000; a non-named industrialist told journalists that, since November 2019, some virtual money exchanges have moved their operations, markets, and financial teams abroad, leaving only the technical teams at home. At the same time, some virtual currency exchanges have placed different sectors of markets, operations, development, etc. in different cities, even at home.
业内人士指出，面对监管部门的排查整治，集中化办公的交易所，很容易被“一锅端”。为了躲避排查，分布式办公被一些中小虚拟货币交易所采用。众多虚拟货币交易所，将实体公司注册在海外，运营团队则安排在国内。
& #3000; #3000; #x3000; industry sources point out that a centralized office exchange can easily be “a pot” in the face of censorship in the regulatory sector. In order to avoid censorship, distributed offices are used by small and medium-sized currency exchanges.
虚拟货币监管全球化
& #0000; #0000; virtual currency regulation globalization
“不论在哪个国家开设虚拟货币交易所，只要在中国进行宣传、路演，诱导中国老百姓炒币，就触犯了相关法律规定。”肖飒告诉记者，“对于‘诱引’这个定义，目前比较宽泛，但如果宣传发币项目，可能会打擦边球，但直接宣传币价涨幅以及收益性，就明确触犯了法律规定。”
& #3000; #3000; “The opening of a virtual currency exchange in any country is in violation of the relevant legal provisions whenever publicity and road shows are conducted in China to induce Chinese citizens to collide.” Shaw told journalists that “the definition of `enticement' is now broad, but if a currency project is promoted, there may be a margin of friction, but direct publicity for the increase in the value of the currency and its profitability is a clear violation of the law.”
北京市地方金融监督管理局局长霍学文日前接受媒体采访时也表示，虚拟币监管不存在是否更严格，只会更严格，北京金融局对于发币行为“零容忍”，发现一起、打击一起。虚拟货币不能够、也不得作为法定数字货币，中国只有人民银行才能推出法定数字货币。“不论任何人以任何伪装，只要在国内发行、销售、交易虚拟币就是违法。同时，交易所只要涉嫌把币传销给国内，以及通过各种渠道引诱投资者投资虚拟币都属违法。”
& #3000; #3000; in an interview with the media on the eve of Hao, Director of the Beijing City Local Financial Supervisory Authority, it was also stated that virtual currency regulation was not stricter and would only be stricter, and that the Beijing Finance Bureau found one and the same with respect to “zero tolerance” of currency issuance. Virtual currency cannot and cannot be used as a legal digital currency, and that only the People's Bank can introduce a legal digital currency. “Any person who issues, sells, or deals in a virtual currency in the country is against the law. At the same time, it is illegal for an exchange to be suspected of selling it to the country and to induce investors to invest in a virtual currency through various channels.”
虚拟货币监管，是全球化趋势。就海外而言，美国和日本是对虚拟货币监管相对严格的两个国家。
& #3000; #3000; Virtual currency regulation is a trend of globalization. For overseas, the United States and Japan are two countries with relatively strict virtual currency regulation.
在美国，比特币被定义为数字货币，以太坊属于证券型代币还是数字货币，尚在争议中。但其他基于ICO/IEO（首次代币发行/首次交易发行）的代币，必须要向SEC申请，否则将会涉嫌非法证券发型而被处罚。换言之，除了比特币和以太坊之外基于ICO/IEO发行的代币，都被定义为证券型代币（security token）。
& #3000; & #3000; in the United States, Bitcoin is defined as a digital currency, whether it is a securities-type or a digital currency, and is still in dispute. But other currencies based on ICO/IEO (first-time/first-transaction issue) must be applied to SEC, otherwise they will be punished if they are suspected of being illegal. In other words, currencies issued on the basis of ICO/IEO, except for Bitco and Etheria, are defined as securities-type coins (security token).
2017年6月至2018年6月，EOS开发公司Block.one通过ICO形式在全球发售9亿枚代币，募集价值42亿美元的数字资产。2019年9月30日，美国证券交易委员会对其进行2400万美元罚款。
& #3000; 3000; June 2017 to June 2018, EOS Development Corporation Block.one sold 900 million tokens worldwide in the form of ICO to collect $4.2 billion worth of digital assets. On 30 September 2019, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission fined him $24 million.
日本对虚拟货币监管最为严格。在日本，日本金融厅严格禁止ICO行为，开设虚拟货币交易所，除要具备衍生品交易牌照和金融牌照外，还要定期接受地方金融局的合规性检查。
In Japan, the Japanese Financial Services Agency strictly prohibits ICO behaviour and operates a virtual currency exchange, subject to regular compliance checks by local financial authorities in addition to derivative trading plates and financial plates.
合规检查主要基于严格的KYC，以保护用户隐私，防范洗钱和恐怖主义融资。但不论在美国还是在日本，开设虚拟货币交易所，都需执照经营，遵循KYC要求。
& #3000; 3000; compliance checks are based mainly on the strict KYC to protect the privacy of users against money laundering and terrorist financing. However, a virtual currency exchange, whether in the United States or Japan, requires a licence to operate and comply with KYC requirements.
国际上，有一个名为FATF的反恐怖主义融资反洗钱国际组织，近年开始注意虚拟货币交易涉及到的洗钱和恐怖主义融资行为，并制定相关监管指导框架。值得注意的是，本届FATF的轮值主席由中国担任，同时，中国作为成员国，也会对FATF提出的反恐怖主义融资、反法洗钱指导框架负责。
At the international level, there is an international anti-money-laundering organization called FATF, which has recently begun to pay attention to money-laundering and terrorist financing in the context of virtual currency transactions, and has developed a regulatory framework. It is worth noting that the current FATF Chair-in-Office is China, while China, as a member country, is also responsible for the anti-terrorist financing and anti-legal money-laundering guidance framework proposed by FATF.
全球范围内，各国对虚拟货币的监管，日趋严格。违法或非法运营的交易所生存空间将越来越小。
& #3000; #3000; worldwide, virtual currency regulation is becoming more stringent. Exchanges that are illegal or operating illegally will have less and less room for survival.
根据数据网站DeadCoins收录，2017年9月至今，“死亡”的虚拟币项目总计1840个，其中诈骗和跑路项目，在2018年和2019年分别有58%和55%。
& #3000; 3000; according to data website DeadCoins, the number of “Death” virtual currency projects from September 2017 to date is 1,840, of which fraud and running projects were 58 per cent in 2018 and 55 per cent in 2019, respectively.
这些“死去”的虚拟币，曾在全球数百个大大小小的虚拟交易所里流通。
& #3000; 3000; these “dead” virtual coins have been circulating in hundreds of large and small virtual exchanges around the world.
2019年上半年，兴起一波IEO潮，吸引了大量投机者入场。IEO即首次交易发行，是指以交易所为核心发行代币；代币跳过ICO这步，直接上线交易所。根据记者不完全统计，包括Biance、OKEx、Kucoin、MXC、Gate.io等在内的多家交易所，2019年IEO项目总数超过85个，其中不乏上线即破发的虚拟币，甚至有些虚拟币已跌破发行价格。
In the first half of 2019, there was a wave of IEOs that attracted a large number of speculators. IEOs were the first to issue tokens at the heart of the exchange; they jumped over the ICO and went directly to the online exchange. According to the incomplete statistics of journalists, including Biance, OKEx, Kucoin, MXC, Gate.io, among others, the total number of IEO projects in 2019 was more than 85, of which there were no fewer virtual currencies, or even some of them, which had broken distribution prices.
责任编辑：张国帅
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