（图：被业内人士指出有严重质量问题的阿瓦隆二代矿机）
(Figure: Avalon 2-generation miner with severe quality problems identified by people in the industry)
文/五道狗
Man/Five Dogs
近期人们的注意力都被比特币行情的大起大落所吸引，对比特币矿机的关注降温了不少。笔者在今年七月份曾经写过一篇文章《挖比特币收益急速下降期货矿机都在扯什么淡？》，揭露了当时网络上的所谓矿机团购，其中的预言在九月份之后基本应验，还引起了不少财产纠纷。实际上，在刚刚过去的11月份，随着新一代矿机芯片的面世，这一幕又重新上演，而且依然沿袭着“名为预定，实为集资”的空手套白狼手法，大量“矿工”再一次遭受盘剥。
In fact, in the last November, with the appearance of a new generation of mine chips, the scene was re-emerged, and a large number of miners, 什么是比特币矿机？
What's a bitcoin miner?
简单来说就是一个像电脑主机一样的箱子，插上网线和电源，配置好账户信息就可以自动“挖矿”——产生比特币了。
Simply put, it is a box like a computer mainframe, plugged in Internet lines and power sources, and equipped with account information to automatically “mining” — generating bitcoin.
比特币矿机的生命周期是多久？
How long is the life cycle of the Bitcoin miner?
由于比特币挖矿难度会逐渐上升（大约13天左右涨30%难度），一台矿机产生的比特币收益会逐渐减小，到它挖出的比特币不足以支付其消耗的电费时就到了生命的尽头。大致来看这个周期是四个月左右。
As the difficulty of digging bitcoin will gradually increase (by about 30% in about 13 days), the bitcoin gains from a mine machine will gradually diminish, reaching the end of life when the bitcoin that it excavates is not enough to pay for the electricity it consumes. This cycle is roughly four months.
与电脑不同的是，比特币矿机只能挖矿而不能做任何其他工作，此时的矿机将会成为毫无用处的废铁一堆。
Unlike computers, a bitcoin mine can only dig and not do any other work, at which point it will become a useless pile of scrap iron.
比特币矿机的制造门槛是什么？
what is the threshold for the construction of a bitcoin miner?
目前国内主流的矿机基于一种叫“阿瓦隆”的专用芯片，只有一个叫“南瓜张”的团队在制造并销售，该团队公开了矿机的生产资料，任何有电子技术的工厂均可以用依葫芦画瓢的方式制造。
The mining machines currently in the mainstream in the country are based on a special chip called “Avalon”, which is manufactured and marketed by a team called “Pumpkins” that discloses the production information of the machines, and any plant with electronic technology can be made in the form of a tadpole.
但特殊的地方是，制造商需要先向“阿瓦隆”芯片的经销商付款购买，而不像普通元器件那样有个账期。一台矿机光芯片成本就要7000元左右，占了总成本的七八成，而现有的矿机制造/销售商都是小型团队，根本没有那么多现金采购芯片，所以都采用了要求矿工先付款，采购到芯片之后再生产矿机的方式——相当于是转嫁了成本和风险给矿工。
In particular, however, manufacturers have to pay the distributor of the “Avalon” chip instead of having an account period as usual. The cost of a miner's photochip is about $7,000, which accounts for 78% of the total cost, while the existing mine mechanism manufacturer/seller is a small team, and there is not much cash to buy the chip, so the way in which miners are required to pay first, buy the chip and then produce the miner – the equivalent of transferring costs and risks to miners.
比特币矿机的价格受哪些因素影响？
What are the factors affecting the price of the bitcoin miner?
矿机价格由其产生的收益来决定，而这收益又受到比特币的价格行情和挖矿难度的双重影响。例如今年9月-10月挖矿难度不断上涨，但比特币价格一直稳定在700元左右，所以矿机隔一段时间会降一次价；而到11月的时候由于比特币价格暴涨，矿机价格也随之涨了好几倍，之后还出现了有价无货的现象。
The price of the mine is determined by the revenue it generates, which is affected by the price situation and the difficulty of mining by bitcoin. For example, in September-October of this year, the difficulty of digging has increased, but the price of bitcoin has remained stable at around $700, so that the mine price will fall one time at a time; and in November, the price of the mine has also increased several times as fast as the price of bitcoin, and there has been a price-free situation since then.
下面就来讲述几段笔者近期在网络上见到的矿机故事：
Here's the story of the mine that the author recently saw on the Internet: .
矿机商案例一：42BTC、ASICME——老一辈期货矿机商
b style= "FONT-WEIGHT:normal"; ASICME
这是期货矿机时期的老哏儿了，42BTC和ASICME是当时比较出名的两个矿机团队，都是在6月份就收了上百万的矿机款，由于芯片要三个月后才能到货，所以要求矿工们不得在中途提出退款。可是到九月份出现了芯片延期（也有传闻说南瓜张拒绝发货）的问题，42BTC和ASICME却不愿意退全款给矿工，害得上百号矿工损失惨重。
This is the older part of the futures machine, where 42 BTC and ASICM were two of the most well-known teams, receiving millions of mine money in June, and requiring miners not to submit refunds in the middle because the chips would take three months. By September, however, there was a delay in the chip (and there were rumours that pumpkins refused to deliver), and 42 BTC and ASICM were reluctant to refund the full amount to the miners, resulting in a huge loss to the 100 miners.
矿机商案例二：蚂蚁矿机——凭现货优势大赚特赚
蚂蚁矿机的制造商叫“比特大陆”，是11月份突然冒出来的。神奇的是他们使用的芯片为自行研发的，相同算力下的功耗比大名鼎鼎的阿瓦隆2代低几倍，而且早在11月中旬就做到现货供应了。
The manufacturer of the ant mine was called "Bite Continent," which came out of nowhere in November. The amazing thing was that the chip they used was self-developed, with the same arithmetic power several times lower than the famous Avalon two generations, and was available as early as mid-November.
蚂蚁矿机拉了几百号人到QQ群里，原本宣布会在17号公开售价。而当时正是比特币开始猛涨价的关键节点，阿瓦隆矿机则处于一代机售罄、二代机因技术问题而难产的青黄不接之时。所以蚂蚁矿机看准形势，一直拖着不公开价格，直到19号才宣布18000多元的售价，大大超出矿工们的预期——而且凭借现货供应的优势一路涨价，目前已经涨到36000元。
The ant miner pulled hundreds of people to Q, which was the key node at which Bitcoin began to boost prices, while the Avalon miner was at a time when one generation was sold and the second generation was unable to produce yellow and yellow due to technical problems. So the ant miner looked at the situation and kept the price undisclosed until the 19th, declaring a multi-priced price of 18,000, far exceeding the miner's expectations — and, with the advantage of the supply in hand, has now risen to http://tech.163.com/company/360/>36000.
根据一位资深矿工的预测，蚂蚁矿机的成本应该在5000元上下，其一台的利润就高达1-2万元。
According to a forecast by a senior miner, the cost of an ant miner should be up to $5,000, with a profit of up to $120,000.
（图：蚂蚁矿机售价高达36000元，依然有人购买）
(Figure: ants sold up to $36,000, still bought)
矿机商案例三：杰子/冰冰代购——违反淘宝规定被封店
这两家可以算是新一代的“期货矿机”，和前面描述的手法一模一样——首先要求矿工把钱直接打给他们，他们用这些钱买到芯片之后赶工造出矿机再发货给大家。当然由于阿瓦隆二代芯片已经是现货供应，这次期货的周期要短很多，不过由于矿机的电路出现技术问题，11月中旬就付款的第一批矿工到11月底才收到机子。
These two can be a new generation of futures machines, identical to the ones described earlier – firstly, the miners are required to give them the money, which they use to buy chips, and then send them to everyone. Of course, because Avalon’s second-generation chips are already available on the spot, the lead times are much shorter, but because of technical problems with the circuits of the machines, the first miners paid in mid-November did not receive the machines until the end of November.
当然，那几天正是比特币价格狂涨的日子，矿机的价格也随着猛涨，第一批300G算力的机子开价18500元，第二批200G算力的机子14000元，第三批200G算力机子则涨到了18500元。据估算，阿瓦隆二代机的成本在10000元左右，因上市时间晚于蚂蚁矿机，所以利润不如后者。
Of course, those days were the days when the price of bitcoin soared, and the price of the mine went up, with the first batch of 300 G-based machines opening at $18,500, the second batch of 200 G-based machines at $14,000, and the third batch of 200 G-based machines rising to $18,500. It was estimated that the cost of the Avalon second-generation aircraft was around $10,000, and that the profits were less than those of the second generation, since the time of listing was later than the ant miner.
由于杰子和冰冰代购要求矿工在未收到货的情况下付款，且金额巨大，引起了淘宝的注意，11月底时他们的淘宝店已经被封禁。后续想买机子的矿工就被要求直接打款至银行卡，相比之前淘宝购买更没有保障。
Due to the fact that Kit and Ice representative purchases require the miners to pay in the absence of the goods, and in large amounts, the attention of 矿工案例一：阿宁——一个月挖出2个比特币仍难回本
b style= "FONT-WEIGHT:normal" one bitcoin is still hard to return
阿宁长期关注比特币，不过直到最近才下决心买矿机，他在11月下旬花18000多元买到了一台蚂蚁矿机。这矿机结构简陋，不带电源，需要矿工自行购买电源并且要改装之后才能开始挖矿，阿宁动手能力较差，在朋友指导下才搞定了这些。
Aring has been looking at Bitcoin for a long time, but only recently he was determined to buy a mine machine, which he bought in late November for more than 18,000 ants. This mine is poorly structured, without electricity, and requires miners to buy their own power sources and to re-engineer them before they can start digging, and Aring is less capable of doing it, under the guidance of his friends.
到今天阿宁已经挖出两个比特币，只回了一半的本钱，他表示自己还算幸运，购买的价格不算离谱，那些花36000买机子的人恐怕永远回不了本了。
So far, Arnin has dug up two bitcoins, returned only half his money, said he was lucky, bought a price that was not out of proportion, and those who spent 36,000 on the machine would never return.
矿工案例二：卫先生——被商家要求加5000元换购
卫先生是第一批在杰子的淘宝店购买矿机的用户，当时标称是300G算力售价23000元。但是在付款之后，他接到客服电话并被告知300G机子因有技术问题造不出来了，要求他加5000元换成两台200G的机子。虽然有些不情愿，但怀着对财富的期望，他还是多掏了这5000元。
Mr. Wei was the first user to purchase a mine machine at Kitko's treasure shop, which was labeled 300 G-valued for $23,000. But after paying, he received a call from a guest and was told that the 300 G machine could not be built because of technical problems, asking him to replace it with two 200 G machines. Although he was reluctant, with expectations of wealth, he paid the extra $5,000.
收到货之后，他发现有一台机子不能开机，打电话找客服，客服让他自己拆了机子重新连一下线。幸运的是，照着这么做了之后，机子能工作了——只是其中有一台矿机每天都会自己重启一两次。
After receiving the shipment, he discovered that there was a plane that couldn't turn on, called for a customer's service, and he took it apart and reconnected. Fortunately, after doing so, the machine could work -- but one of the machines would reboot itself once or twice a day.
矿工案例三：柳先生——矿机坏掉客服不管
柳先生花14000元一台在杰子淘宝店买了两台阿瓦隆二代矿机，其中有一台在工作半天之后电源烧坏。打电话找客服，客服表示不能解决，让他自己在本地找电源的经销商更换。当他把电源拿去找当地经销商时，对方表示没有这个型号的电源了，让他折价800元并且再加1700元买了另一款电源。
Mr. Liu spent $14,000 on one of the two Avalon second-generation miners at Kitko's Treasure Shop, one of which burned out after half a day of work. Calling for a customer's service means that it cannot be resolved and allowing him to replace the local distributor. When he took the power source to the local distributor, he said that he had no power source of this type, discounted it by $800 and bought another power source by $1,700.
矿工案例四：方先生——苦等半个月收到一个空箱子
方先生是一位老矿工了，非常清楚买矿机很难回本的情况，但他为了研究阿瓦隆二代矿机的结构，花14000元在杰子的店里买了一台矿机。11月24日付款，到12月12号才收到，但是拆开包裹一看，发现里面竟然是个空箱子。他打电话找客服解决，一位叫丽丽的客服表示发错货了，让他快递回去并且可以重新发一台回来。方先生要求商家负担来回的快递费，丽丽显得很不耐烦，大声呵斥说发错货不是她的原因，让方先生自己找快递解决去，并且拒绝负担来回的快递费。
Mr. Fang, an old miner, knew very well that it would be difficult to return, but in order to study the structure of the Avalon second-generation mine, $14,000 had bought a mine machine in Kitko's store. The payment was received on November 24, but on December 12, when the package was opened, it was found to be empty. He called for a customer's service, and a customer named Lilly said that it was wrong to deliver it and that it could be sent back. Mr. Fong asked the merchants to pay for it, and Lilly seemed impatient to say that it was not her reason to send it, and he refused to pay for it.
至此，方先生对该商家的诚信完全失望，希望通过淘宝投诉解决。但是在淘宝网站申请售后和打淘宝客服电话之后发现，由于他已经付款超过15天，再加上这家店已经被封禁，淘宝已经不再负责调解了。
So far, Mr. Fang has been completely disappointed with the firm’s integrity and hopes to resolve it by filing a complaint. However, after applying for sale on the website and calling on its customers, it was discovered that, since he had paid for more than 15 days, and since the store had been closed down, it was no longer in charge of mediation.
由此可见，比特币矿机虽然有暴利，但作为一种灰色产业，制造/销售商是不会对其提供售后服务的，而且质量完全没有保障。一位有制造矿机经验的人士透露，目前的阿瓦隆二代矿机由于一种RT9187元件缺货，都采用了“飞线”的方法来解决，质量非常不可靠，少则一星期，多则一个月就会坏掉；短时间内出现重启或者死机问题可以通过断电重开来解决，再加上矿工们赚钱心切，都会忽略这些问题。
Thus, the Bitcoin mine, although profitable, as a grey industry, does not provide after-sales services to the manufacturer/seller, and the quality is entirely insecure. A person with experience in manufacturing machines has revealed that the current Avalon second-generation miner, due to a lack of RT9187, uses a “flyline” approach, which is highly unreliable, and less than a week, and more than a month, and that problems of reboot or death in a short period of time can be solved by power outages, which can be ignored by miners.
另外，由于比特币矿机的定价是商家利用矿工盲目心态而定的，让你感觉能够在一两个月内回本，但实际上由于挖矿难度上涨和比特币价格波动的原因，其实是很难回本的。而且就算在三个月左右回本了，此时的矿机由于难度太高已经挖不出什么东西来了，相当于此前的几个月你都是在帮矿机商人打工。
Moreover, since the price of the Bitcoin mine is determined by the blindness of the miners, which makes it possible for you to return within a month or two, it is actually difficult to do so because of the increased difficulty of mining and the volatility of the Bitcoin price. And even if you return in about three months or so, the miner can’t find anything because it is too difficult, which is the same way that you worked with the miner for months.
（本文系五道狗向网易科技投稿，转载请注明出处。文章仅代表个人观点。）
(This paper is a five-dog web-friendly contribution, reprinted and referenced. Articles represent personal views only.)
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