8年，比特币创造一个神话——价格上涨近300万倍，国内价格一度突破2万元。在这场神话中，不同的人看到了不同的故事。投机者看到了赚钱的机会，技术极客看到了改变未来的技术，传统金融机构则或许看到了一个不断成长的幽灵……
Eight years, Bitcoin created a myth & mdash; & mdash; price increases nearly 3 million times, with domestic prices breaking by 20,000 dollars. In this myth, different people see different stories. Speculators see opportunities to make money, technocrats see technologies that change the future, and traditional financial institutions see a growing ghost & Hellip; & Hellip;
今天，星河研究院谈点轻松的内容，介绍一下电子支付行业最火的两个兄弟比特币、以太坊及其底层的区块链技术。它们真的能重塑世界经济吗？看完这篇文章之后，希望你能得到自己的答案。
Today, the Star River Institute talks about easy content, introducing two of the hottest brothers in the electronic payment industry, Bitcoin, Etherburg, and its bottom block chain technology. Can they really reshape the world economy? After reading this article, I hope you get your answer.
比特币诞生，革命的开始？
提到电子支付行业，我们最先想到的要么是支付宝要么是微信。其实，在这两个巨头背后，还有两个一直困扰研究员的问题，同时也是真正显示电子支付行业「野心」的问题：
When it comes to the electronic payment industry, the first thing we think about is payment treasures or micro-letters. In fact, behind these two giants, there are two questions that have been bothering researchers, but also the real question of showing the "ambience" of the electronic payment industry:
一是如何不通过权威的第三方，便可在有需求的双方之间进行在线转账；
(a) How online transfers between parties in need can be made without an authoritative third party;
二是如何能够在进行电子转账的同时记录付款信息，避免重复支付并确保资金安全。
The second is how payment information can be recorded at the same time as electronic transfers, avoiding duplication of payments and ensuring the security of funds.
两个问题的解决，意味着将有一套独立的电子货币体系，基本跟现在的银行体系就没有半毛钱的关系了。
The solution to the two problems would mean that there would be an independent electronic monetary system, which would essentially have nothing to do with the current banking system.
2008年时，某个人或是一个技术团体用笔名Satoshi Nakamoto发布了题目为“一种个人对个人的电子现金支付系统”的白皮书，针对这两个问题Nakamoto提出了两种解决方法：
In 2008, an individual or a technical group published the title & ldquao under the pen name Satoshi Nakamoto; an individual-to-person electronic cash payment system & rdquao; and a white paper proposing two solutions to these two issues, Nakamoto:
首先，在个人对个人的转账中，需要有一种能够不依附于第三方定价机构就能判断其价值的电子货币；
First, in individual-to-person transfers, there is a need for an electronic currency that can judge its value without being dependent on a third-party pricing agency;
然后，我们需要有一份去中心化的数字账本（一旦有了中心，那就意味着依然有相当于传统银行的「权威的第三方机构」，显然不符合这些极客们的理想世界），能够把交易记录及存储的交易信息分发给世界各地的计算机，当然账本的运作方式与其他传统记账方式大致相同。
Then we need a decentralised digital book (which, once in the centre, means that there are still “authoritarian third-party institutions” equivalent to traditional banks that are clearly not in the ideal world for these extremes) that can distribute transaction records and stored transaction information to computers around the world, although the books operate in the same way as other traditional accounts.
2009年，这种能够传送电子财富的技术方案正式落地，其产品形态就是如今广受关注的比特币，其所依靠的底层技术算法，即现在被称作区块链的技术，已经被证明具备更广泛的实用价值与意义。
In 2009, this technology programme, which is capable of delivering electronic wealth, was officially launched in the form of bitcoin, which is now widely appreciated, and the underlying technical algorithm, now known as block chains, has proven to be of wider practical value and significance.
尽管区块链技术目前没有进入主流的政府思维及话语体系，但就像之前提到的一样，它已经令世界的经济发展得到了革新。
Although block chain technology is not currently in the mainstream system of government thinking and discourse, it has, as previously mentioned, revolutionized the world's economic development.
1.超越了亚马逊的比特币
1. Bitcoin over the Amazon
比特币本质上是一个去中心化的，个人对个人的电子货币体系。这种电子钞票没有资产抵押物，并且它允许不经过央行、银行等清算与托管机构即可发行、流通，交易与资产数据存储在世界上每一个连接互联网的角落。
Bitcoin is essentially a decentralized, individual-to-person electronic monetary system. This type of electronic banknote has no asset collateral, and it allows distribution, circulation, transaction and asset data to be stored in every corner of the world connected to the Internet without going through clearing and trusteeship institutions such as central banks and banks.
极客心中的人类交易变革或许是这样的：
The change in human trade in the hearts of the greats may be as follows:
物-物交换
Material-material exchange
物-人民币、美刀、卢比、卢布、英镑……-物交换
Items - RMB, U.S. Sword, Rupees, rubles, Pounds sterling & Hellip; & Hellip; - Exchange of Goods
物-电子货币-物交换
Material-electronic currency-exchange
比特币的第一个标准化价值在2009年10月5日，定为0.0008美元，按照1美元等于1309.03比特币计算。目前每一比特币的交易价格超过2300美元。每一比特币的内在价值增长了290万倍。
The first standardized value of Bitcoins was set on 5 October 2009 at US$0.0008, calculated at US$ 1 equal to 1309.03 bitcoins. The current transaction price for each bitcoins exceeds US$ 2,300. The intrinsic value of each bitcoins increased by 2.9 million times.
根据华盛顿邮报报道，如果你7年前购买了价值100美元的比特币，那么这些比特币在今天的价值将会超过7300万美元，可以作为对比的是如果在1997年亚马逊IPO时你投入了100美元购买股票，现在你的投资将会价值约6.4万美元。
According to the Washington Post, if you bought $100 worth of bitcoins seven years ago, the value of these bitcoins today would be more than $73 million, in contrast to the $100 you invested in stock purchases in 1997 at IPO Amazonia, and now your investment would be worth about $64,000.
然而比特币本身所具备的内在价值无法衡量，因此作为电子货币的比特币投机属性要比亚马逊等公司的股票强很多，这意味着短期价格的波动十分剧烈，并且远期价格走势也没有可供判断的依据。
However, the inherent value of Bitcoins per se cannot be measured, so the speculative properties of bitcoins as electronic currencies are much stronger than the shares of companies such as the Amazon, which means that short-term prices are highly volatile and that forward price movements are not a basis for judgement.
随着比特币不断占据世界各地新闻头条，很多围观者自然会出现一个疑问，即比特币是如何产生的？
As Bitcoin continues to dominate news headlines around the world, it is natural for many viewers to wonder how Bitcoin was generated.
2.比特币是挖矿挖出来的？
2. Bitcoin was excavated?
比特币的特征之一便是不存在央行这一发行机构，那么他们是如何产生的呢？实际上可以说是由比特币矿工们逐渐挖掘出来的。
One of the characteristics of Bitcoin is the absence of a central bank as a issuer, so how did they emerge? In fact, it can be said that bitcoin miners gradually excavated.
最简单的类比方法是想象黄金矿工的挖掘方式，黄金矿工从地球上开采黄金，随着黄金被挖出及加工，流入市场的黄金便成为了经济体财富及通货的一部分，而比特币的原理也是如此
The simplest analogy is to imagine the way gold miners excavate, the gold miners extract from the earth, and as gold is excavated and processed, the gold that flows into the market becomes part of the wealth of the economy and of the tradable, as is the case with Bitcoin.
新挖出来的比特币是通过一个复杂的竞争挖矿过程获得的——矿工通过使用高度专业化的硬件设施运行计算程序，从而获得比特币作为奖励。
The newly excavated bitcoin was obtained through — — miners were rewarded by using highly specialized hardware facilities to run computing procedures.
3.比特币怎么用？
What about Bitcoin?
当比特币被挖出后，她们将会被如何使用，以及是用在什么场合中呢？
When bitcoin is dug out, how will they be used and on what occasion?
比特币的交易就像股票、债券和货币一样需要在交易所交易，也可以当作交换服务或货物的货币使用。
Bitcoin transactions, like stocks, bonds and currencies, need to be traded on an exchange and can also be used as a currency for exchange of services or goods.
日本是世界上第一个官方宣布接受比特币为合法流通货币的国家，随着日本将比特币视为货币，预计接受比特币作为购买商品及服务的通货的供应商和商人的数量，将会从1000家增长至10万家。
Japan is the first country in the world to have officially declared its acceptance of Bitcoin as a legal currency in circulation, and as Japan treats Bitcoin as a currency, it is expected that the number of Bitcoin accepted as a supplier of goods and services and as a businessman will increase from 1,000 to 100,000.
这样牛的技术和可能「颠覆世界」的产品，自从出现以来就获得了极大的关注，身价不断暴涨。目前比特币的投资者、爱好者，包括部分商业人士甚至是金融机构等群体数量已经非常庞大。
The technology of cattle and products that could be “subversive” to the world have received great attention since their emergence, and prices have soared. The number of investors, fans, including some business people, and even financial institutions in Bitcoin is already very large.
最关键的是，伴随着它的发展，最初设想的两种功能已经逐步实现并完善，其中能否作为等价的电子货币这一设想已经得到证实。看到电子货币鼻祖这么火而且并没有死在沙滩上，于是有数千种数字货币被设计出来，并普遍保持价值的上升。其中，最著名且具备很高市场价值的后来者就是以太坊。
Crucially, with its development, the two functions originally envisaged have been progressively realized and refined, and the idea of whether they could be e-currency equivalents has been confirmed. Seeing that electronic currencies are so hot and not dead on the beach, thousands of digital currencies have been designed and generally kept up in value.
比特币目前的市场总价值大概在370亿美元，同期以太坊的总市值约合160亿美元。虽然比特币是第一个出现在市场中的电子货币，并因此获得了大部分媒体的关注，但许多人认为以太坊的区块链及基于这一技术的以太币将会成为更强大的工具。
Bitcoin’s current total market value is about $37 billion, and the total market value of the Taiku during the same period is about $16 billion. While Bitcoin is the first electronic currency to appear in the market, and as a result has received much media attention, many believe that the Ethercopic block chain and the Ether currency based on this technology will become a stronger tool.
竞争者 以太坊
在电子支付行业，又出现了一本「影响世界」的白皮书。
In the electronic payment industry, another white paper, "Affecting the World", appeared.
2013年，19岁的Vitalik Buterin在一本主题为“以太坊白皮书：下一代智能连接与去中心化应用平台”的书中首次提到了以太币的构想。随后在2014年，以太币的算法及协议正式落地，并募集了1.5亿美元，系统本身于2015年7月30日最终完成。
In 2013, 19-year-old Vitalik Buterin made the first mention of the idea of e-Ten in a 19-year-old book entitled & ldquo; Etheria White Paper: Next Generation Smart Connections and Decentralized Applications Platform & & rdquo; then, in 2014, the algorithms and protocols were officially settled and $150 million raised, and the system itself was finalized on 30 July 2015.
Vitalik Buterin
有一个非常需要我们了解的问题，同时也是这一平台最大的竞争潜力与争论焦点所在：即以太坊不仅仅是一个电子货币，同时也是一个基于区块链技术的平台与智能合约系统，它能够用来构建应用程序，而电子货币只是这种技术的表现形式之一。
There is a much-needed question, and it is at the heart of the platform's greatest potential for competition and debate: it is not just an electronic currency, but also a platform and smart contract system based on block-chain technology that can be used to build applications, and e-money is just one of the manifestations of that technology.
类似金融工具，财产，域名，以及更复杂的金融产品交易，衍生品，对赌，以及身份识别及个人征信系统等涉及到信息及财富流通及记录的环节，以太坊理论上都有很大的发展空间。
There is a great deal of room for development in the theory of Taipan, such as financial instruments, property, domain names, and more complex transactions in financial products, derivatives, bets, and links to the flow and recording of information and wealth, such as identification and personal identification systems.
以智能合同举例：
For example, in the case of a smart contract:
智能合约是以太坊对快速扩张的电子货币及区块链技术领域的重要贡献。它可以被看作是一种利用数字化手段确保价值交换等环节安全的方式，能够以透明、去中介化的手段，节省掉例如律师、公证员等专业人士提供的昂贵服务，转而通过执行智能合约本身的数字化条款来确保合约的有效性。
Smart contracts are an important contribution to the fast-expanding technology of electronic money and block chains. They can be seen as a way of ensuring the security of value swaps, for example, through digitalization, which can save the expensive services provided by professionals such as lawyers, notaries, and, in turn, ensure the validity of contracts by implementing the digital provisions of the smart contracts themselves.
1.以太币VS比特币
1. Temas VSbitcoin
现在，我们来说一下以太坊的另一个独特的特性——数字货币以太币。
Now, let us turn to another unique feature of the Taiku & mdash; & mdash; the digital currency in the talisman.
以太坊和比特币一样是一种数字货币，但不同的是以太坊有两种数字货币在市场中流通交易。其中一种以ETH作为交易标记，另一种被称为经典以太币，以ETC的标记流通交易。
It's a digital currency, like Bitcoin, but the difference is that there are two kinds of digital currencies that circulate in the market. One uses ETH as a trade mark, the other is known as the classic ETC.
ETC
ETH
以太坊基金会将以太币的作用定义为一种燃料，或一种支付手段，用来让客户支付在以太坊平台中对服务器执行请求操作产生的费用。
The Taiwan Foundation defines its role as a fuel or a means of payment that allows clients to meet the costs incurred in performing requests for server operations on the ETA platform.
2016年，一个巨大的丑闻震惊了以太坊社区，一个至今身份不明的黑客利用软件漏洞尝试盗走了价值超过5000万美元的以太币，这件事的结果就是第二种交易的以太币诞生。
In 2016, a huge scandal shocked the community of Ether, where an unidentified hacker tried to steal more than $50 million in Ether using software loopholes, and the result was the birth of the second deal.
2.以太币怎么来的？它有什么作用？
2. Where did the Ether come from? What does it do?
与比特币类似，以太币也是通过挖矿获得的，矿工团队验证并存储以太币，之后在以太坊的平台上进行交易。虽然比特币和其他数字货币能够用来购买商品或服务，但就像之前提到的，以太币主要用来支付用户在以太坊网络中所产生的费用。
Similar to Bitcoin, which was also obtained through mining, the miners’ team certified and stored it and then traded it on the platform. While Bitcoin and other digital currencies can be used to purchase goods or services, as previously mentioned, they are used mainly to pay for the costs incurred by users in the community network.
比特币和以太坊的价值地基：区块链
最后，我们再来说一下比特币和以太坊的价值地基——区块链技术。Nakamoto提出的框架的最初的想法是能够让个人之间快速完成在线交易，而不需要传统的中间商或第三方，这一技术框架就是目前为人所熟知的区块链。
Finally, let us say a few words about Bitcoin and Ether value-based & mdash; & mdash; block chain technology. The initial idea of Nakamoto is to allow individuals to quickly complete online transactions without the need for traditional intermediaries or third parties, a technological framework that is now well known as a block chain.
区块链是一种不可破坏的数字分类账本，它可以被设定为不仅记录金融交易情况，还可以记录几乎所有具有价值的信息而不担心被篡改。
Block chains are a non-destructible digital ledger that can be set to record not only financial transactions, but also almost all valuable information without fear of manipulation.
在最简单的模型中，区块链就是一种简单的分布式账本，然而区块链内在的含义远远大于其名称表面的意义。区块链能够在交易的过程中使价值本身发生转移，就如金融时报的科技作者Sally Rivers所说的那样，以比特币而言，区块链对于它的意义，就如同互联网对邮件的意义一样。
In the simplest model, the block chain is a simple distributed account, but the inner meaning of the block chain is much greater than the meaning of its name. The block chain can shift value itself in the course of a transaction, as Sally Rivers, the technologist of the Financial Times, said, for bitcoin, the block chain is as meaningful for it as the Internet is for mail.
与邮件促进了信息的沟通类似，区块链帮助了财富的转移。
Like mail, which facilitates the communication of information, block chains facilitate the transfer of wealth.
区块链技术正在快速探索并部署的领域包括资本市场，金融服务，支付和汇款，衍生品交易，征信管理，政府治理，分享经济，供应链，审计，股票交易，物联网，保险医疗保健等等众多环节。
Block chain technologies are being rapidly explored and deployed in areas such as capital markets, financial services, payments and remittances, derivatives trading, letter management, government governance, the shared economy, supply chains, auditing, stock trading, networking, insurance and health care.
虽然比特币及以太坊等数字货币已经获得了超常规的发展速度，但其体量与价值比起传统的货币体系依然微不足道，未来数字货币对以资产或主权信用为后盾的传统货币体系的冲击究竟有多大依然难以预料。
While digital currencies such as Bitcoin and Etherpau have gained an extraordinary pace of development, their volume and value remain insignificant relative to the traditional monetary system, and the future impact of digital currencies on traditional monetary systems backed by assets or sovereign credit remains unpredictable.
但区块链技术的发展价值已经无需赘言。可以预见的是隐藏于数字货币华丽身影中的区块链技术将会与传统的金融业很好的结合，未来货币的交易、金融资产的交易与转移，包括个人信用的记录都将依赖于区块链技术所带来的安全保护，或许区块链将会是伴随传统金融体系向着未知的数字化货币金融体系过度的“幽灵”。
But the development value of block chain technology no longer needs to be said. What is foreseen is that block chain technology hidden in the shadow of digital money will be well integrated with the traditional financial industry, and that future currency transactions, transactions and transfers of financial assets, including individual credit records, will depend on the security afforded by block chain technology, which may be accompanied by an excess of traditional financial systems to unknown digital monetary systems & ldquao; phantoms & rdquao;
参考文章：Billy Silva, “Blockchain for the Rest of Us”.
References: Billy Silva, & ldquo; Blockchain for the Rest of Us”.............................................................................................
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