区块链技术赋能传统的建筑行业后，将给行业生态带来怎样的改变？今天下午，“数字技术塑造产业新生态”高峰论坛在上海科学会堂举行，树图区块链建筑业应用研究所在论坛上揭牌。中国建筑学会副理事长、上海市建筑学会理事长曹嘉明表示，“树图区块链”技术将使建筑项目管理更加高效、透明，让每一个业内企业和个人各司其职、溯源追责，从而为广大居民提供更加优质的产品和服务。
This afternoon, the “Digital Technology Shapes New Ecology” summit was held at the Shanghai Science Hall, at which the Institute of Building Applications of the Tree Chains was presented. The Vice-President of the Chinese Academy of Architecture and the Chairman of the Shanghai City Institute of Architecture said that the “Type Block Chain” technology would make construction project management more efficient and transparent, allowing each industry’s enterprises and individuals to be held accountable for their duties and activities, thereby providing better quality products and services to the population at large.
“树图”性能优于比特币、以太坊
上海树图区块链研究院院长、树图区块链建筑业应用研究所专家龙凡教授告诉解放日报·上观新闻记者，他是清华大学2006级“姚班”毕业生，与图灵奖获得者、中国科学院院士姚期智等人合作发明了“树图区块链”。这种底层系统突破了区块链的传统链式结构，在一个“有向无环图”中镶嵌了树形结构，故名“树图”。
Professor Longfan, who is the director of the Shanghai Tree Chart Block Chain Institute and an expert from the Institute for the Application of the Tree Block Chain, told the Liberating Daily News that he had graduated from the 2006 class of “Yo” from Qinghua University and had invented the “Turing Block Chain” in collaboration with the Turing Prize laureate, Yao Ji of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, among others. This bottom system has broken through the traditional chain structure of the block chain by embedding the tree structure in a “to the ringless map”, known as the “tree map”.
目前，区块链技术面临高性能与开放性难以兼顾的问题，开放性一高，性能就会下降。如向全球开放的比特币、以太坊，每秒交易量都小于10次。性能低的后果是成本高，使“智能合约”等区块链应用场景难以商业化。例如，如果利用以太坊系统呼叫网约车，这种区块链的交易成本是每次0.5—1美元。在打车过程中，打车者与驾驶员通常会进行3—4次互动（交易），其成本可能比打车费还高。
At present, block chain technology is faced with high performance and openness problems, and openness reduces performance. For example, Bitcoin, Etheria, which is globally open, deals less than 10 times a second. Low performance has the effect of making the application of blocks such as “smart contracts” difficult to commercialize.
与之不同，具有自主知识产权的“树图区块链”能同时保证高性能与开放性。在真实测试环境中，这种公有链每秒能处理3000次以上交易，每次交易在30秒内完成，其性能明显优于比特币和以太坊。
In contrast, a “tree block chain” with autonomous intellectual property rights ensures both high performance and openness. In a real-life testing environment, this public chain handles more than 3,000 transactions per second, each within 30 seconds, with significantly better performances than Bitcoin and Ether.
建立可溯源的建筑业诚信体系
今年1月，上海树图区块链研究院成立后，姚期智、龙凡带领团队开始了科技成果转化历程。他们选择跨境支付、政务上链等一系列应用场景，与相关企业和行业协会合作。如今，他们在建筑行业找到了广阔的区块链应用前景。
In January of this year, following the establishment of the Shanghai Tree Map Block Chain Institute, Yao Xiaoji and Longfan led a technological transformation process. They chose a series of applications, such as cross-border payments, and the upper chain of government, to work with relevant businesses and industry associations.
在树图区块链建筑业应用研究所揭牌仪式上，曹嘉明表示，传统的建筑行业需要加强工程建设全过程管理，对建筑全生命周期进行维护，将原有割裂的、碎片化环节串联起来，建立起可以溯源的诚信体系。“这既是整个行业的改革发展方向，也是各方当下的迫切需求。”
At the opening ceremony of the Institute of Building and Construction Applications of the Tree Chain, Cao Kamin stated that the traditional construction industry needed to strengthen the management of the whole process of construction, maintain the entire life cycle of the building, connect the old, fragmented and fragmented links, and build a system of rectangular integrity. “This is both the direction of the reform of the industry as a whole and the immediate need of all parties.”
在他看来，区块链技术在建筑业具有巨大的应用潜力，因为区块链系统所产生的信任价值是由参与系统的各节点共同决定的，所有交易信息都不可篡改、全程留痕。“一个区块链系统的参与节点越多，其产生的信任价值就越大，系统所承载的交易数据也就有越坚实的安全保证。”
In his view, block chain technology has great potential for application in the construction industry, as the value of trust generated by block chain systems is determined jointly by the various nodes of the participating system, and all transaction information cannot be tampered with, leaving traces. “The more a block chain system is involved, the greater the value of trust it generates, and the more solid the security of the transaction data it carries.”
从建筑项目的前期策划、立项审批、招投标，到建筑设计、工程建设、运维更新；从政府监管、主体运行，到相关产品及服务采购，这些构成了多节点交叉运行的复杂网络结构，既有种类繁杂的数据需相互关联，也有海量的信息更新需要相互协调。在这些应用场景中，兼具高性能与开放性的树图区块链大有用武之地。
From pre-planning, project approval, tendering, to architectural design, construction, and maintenance upgrades; from government regulation, subject operation, to the procurement of related products and services, these constitute complex networks with multiple nodes that operate across the board, with complex types of data that need to be linked, and large amounts of information that need to be updated in a coordinated manner. In these applications, high performance and open tree block chains are useful.
为此，区块链和建筑业专家创建的树图区块链建筑业应用研究所应时而生。“我们创建这个平台，旨在加快中国建筑行业应用区块链技术的速度，建立起行业标准和规范。”曹嘉明说，“我们也希望在发展过程中，将建筑区块链经验积极向世界推广。”
To this end, the Institute for the Application of Block Chains and Construction Systems, created by block chains and experts in the construction industry, should be created. “We have created this platform to speed up the application of block chain technology in the construction industry in China and to establish industry standards and norms.” Cao Jiamin said, “We also hope that the experience of building block chains will be actively disseminated to the world in the process of development.”
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