近日，央行数字货币的推进有提速之势。中国人民银行数字货币就是人民币电子版。中国人民银行推出的数字货币，是基于互联网新技术，推出的加密电子货币体系，是一场货币体系的重大变革。中国人民银行行长易纲日前表示，央行数字货币项目已取得较大进展。那么，什么是央行数字货币?它与传统货币有何区别?又将如何影响人们的生活?让我们一起来看看吧!
The digital currency introduced by the People’s Bank of China, based on new Internet technologies, is a major change in the monetary system. The Governor of the People’s Bank of China said earlier that much progress had been made on the central bank’s digital currency project.
一、什么是央行数字货币
What's a central bank digital currency?
央行数字货币，是中国人民银行即将发行的法定数字货币，英文简称为DC/EP(Digital Currency Electronic Payment)，即数字货币和电子支付工具，属于央行负债，具有信用，与法定货币等值。
The central bank's digital currency, the statutory digit currency to be issued by the People's Bank of China, is known as DC/EP, the digital currency and electronic payment instrument, which is a central bank liability with credit equivalent to the legal currency.
数字人民币体系在坚持双层运营、流通中货币(M0)替代、可控匿名的前提下，基本完成顶层设计、标准制定、功能研发、联调测试等工作，并遵循稳步、安全、可控、、实用的原则。
The digital renminbi system basically completes top-level design, standard-setting, functional R & D, combined testing and follows the principles of stability, security, controllability and practicality, while maintaining double-storey operations, alternative currency (M0) in circulation and controlled anonymity.
二、央行数字货币与微信、支付宝、掌上银行有何区别
II. What's the difference between a central bank's digital currency and a micro-mail, a payment treasure, and a bank holding a bank?
1.从货币属性上看
1. In monetary terms
第三方支付对应的是M2，性质上是商业银行负债，而央行数字货币代替M0，即流通中的现金，是央行负债，现阶段不会替代M1、M2。微信与支付宝只是一种支付工具而不是货币，只是充当客户和银行之间结算的中间点，而央行数字货币是数字化的人民币，是纸币和硬币的替代。
Third-party payments correspond to M2, which is a commercial bank liability, whereas central bank digital currency replaces M0, that is, cash in circulation, is a central bank liability and will not replace M1, M2 at this stage. Micro-trust and payment treasures are only a payment tool, not a currency, and serve as an intermediate for settlement between customers and banks, while central bank digital currency is a digitized renminbi, a replacement for banknotes and coins.
2.从技术实现上看
2. In terms of technology realization
与手机移动支付不同，DC/EP不储蓄卡扣费，且能离线交易，这一点和现金交易是一致的。手机上安装央行数字货币钱包，只要手机有电，就能把数字货币转移给另一个人，而微信、支付宝等支付软件要有网络才能完成支付。
Unlike mobile payments for mobile phones, DC/EP does not save card charges and is able to trade offline, which is consistent with cash transactions. A central bank digital money wallet is installed on a mobile phone, which transfers digital money to another person as long as the cell phone has electricity, and payment software such as micro-letters, payment treasures, etc. requires a network to complete payment.
3.从法律效力上看
3. Legal effects
DC/EP是具有法偿性的电子货币，有信用背书，任何个人和商家都不能拒绝，这是其他企业级数字货币无法具备的。
DC/EP is a legally paid electronic currency with a credit endorsement that cannot be rejected by any individual or business, which is not available in other enterprise-level digital currencies.
三、为什么要用数字货币替代传统货币
III. Why do digital currencies replace traditional currencies
央行数字货币像纸币和硬币一样易于流通，交易信息只会披露给第三方中央银行。相比现金，数字货币具有多种优势：
The central bank’s digital currency is as easy to circulate as banknotes and coins, and transactions are only disclosed to third-party central banks. Digital currency has many advantages over cash:
l无铸造、无损耗、发行成本降低;
i No casting, no wear and tear, and reduced distribution costs;
l采用数字化形式，支付结算效率;
∙ digitized to cover settlement efficiency;
l仿伪造、仿篡改、防复制，流通安全。
i Counterfeit, falsify, prevent reproduction, secure circulation.
所以，随着央行数字货币的推广，DC/EP会逐渐取代纸币和硬币，进入无现金时代!但货币数字化是一个长期的过程，短期内不会取消纸币。因此，在较长时期内，数字货币和纸币将并存流通，即使不会使用数字人民币也没有关系，不会影响到日常生活。
So, with the promotion of central banks’ digital currencies, DC/EP will gradually replace banknotes and coins into cash-free times. But digitizing is a long-term process, and it will not be cancelled in the short term.
四、央行数字货币发行投放采用“双层运营体系”
IV. Central Bank digital currency issuances & & ldquao; two-tier operating system & rdquao;
双层体系是指“中央银行-商业机构”的模式，上一层是人民银行对商业机构，下一层是商业机构对大众消费者。商业机构在央行开户，按照全额缴纳准备金，个人和企业商业机构开立数字钱包。这个模式是符合我国国情的，我国幅员辽阔、人口众多，各地区发展差异大，而商业机构现有资源、人才和技术已经很成熟，大众已习惯商业银行等商业机构处理金融业务，使用“双层运营”不会构成对商业银行存款货币的竞争，可以有效维持金融市场稳定。
The two-tier system refers to “ central bank-business institutions & & rdquo; the model of the People's Bank to commercial institutions, and the next to commercial institutions to public consumers. Business institutions open their accounts at the central bank, on the basis of full payment of reserves, and individual and business businesses to open digital wallets. This model is appropriate to our country's circumstances, is large, has a large population, has large regional developments, and commercial institutions are mature in terms of available resources, talent and technology, and commercial institutions such as commercial banks have become accustomed to financial operations using & & ldquao; two-tier operations & & rdquo; it does not constitute a competition for money deposited by commercial banks and can effectively maintain financial market stability.
五、在四地和一场景中展开内测
V, in four places and one scene. ]
中国人民银行数字货币研究所相关负责人近日表示，目前数字人民币研发工作正在稳妥推进，先行在深圳、苏州、雄安新区、成都及未来的场景进行封闭试点测试，以不断优化和完善功能。数字人民币目前的封闭测试不会影响上市机构商业运行，也不会对测试环境之外的人民币发行流通体系、金融市场和社会经济带来影响。
The relevant head of the Digital Monetary Institute of the People’s Bank of China has recently stated that research and development on digital renminbi is now well under way, starting with closed pilot tests in Shenzhen, Suzhou, Yuanjin, Chengdu, and future scenes, with a view to continuously optimizing and perfecting its functions. The current closing test of the digital renminbi will not affect the commercial operations of listed institutions, nor will it affect the circulation system, financial markets, and socio-economic aspects of the distribution of renminbi outside the testing environment.
六、数字货币使用方法
根据目前披露的信息来看，只要下载一个央行数字钱包APP，完成注册就能使用央行数字货币。但是要实现双方离线交易(譬如碰一下就完成给钱的动作)，可能需要手机硬件支持。
According to the information currently disclosed, a central bank's digital wallet, APP, can be used as a central bank's digital currency by simply downloading it. But to get off-line transactions (e.g., by touching and making payments), mobile phone hardware may be needed.
七、央行数字货币促进人民币国际化
有指出，数字货币的较大价值在跨境支付领域，传统跨境支付依托美元主导的SWIFT体系，资金往来受到开设账户等制约，而DC/EP只需要使用者拥有数字钱包，几乎与现钞交割没有区别。从这种层面上来说，我国央行发行数字货币，对人民币国际化有促进作用。
It has been pointed out that the higher value of digital money is in the area of cross-border payments, the traditional dollar-led SWIFT system of cross-border payments, and the exchange of funds is constrained by the opening of accounts, among other things, while DC/EP requires only users to own digital wallets, almost indistinguishable from banknotes. At this level, the issuance of digital currency by our central bank has contributed to the internationalization of the renminbi.
【试题演练】
1.(多选)近日，央行数字货币的推进有提速之势。关于央行数字货币，下列说法错误的是( )
1. In recent days, central banks’ digital currencies have been moving faster. With regard to central banks’ digital currencies, the following is wrong: ()
A.央行数字货币，英文简称为DC/EP，属于商业银行负债，具有信用
A. Central Bank digital currency, known as DC/EP, is a commercial bank liability with credit
B. 央行数字货币将取代现金和第三方支付，是一场货币体系的重大变革
B. The replacement of cash and third-party payments by the central bank's digital currency is a major change in the monetary system
C. 央行数字货币在使用是手机有电且网络顺畅
C. The central bank’s digital currency is in use with cellular power and a smooth network
D. 央行数字货币作为新生事物，在刚出现时必然会出现个别商家拒绝使用情况
D. The emergence of central bank digital money as a new thing will inevitably result in individual business refusals to use it
【答案】ABCD
ABCD
【解析】A项：央行数字货币，是中国人民银行即将发行的法定数字货币，英文简称为DC/EP，属于央行负债，具有信用，与法定货币等值。A项错误。
Item A: Central Bank digital currency, the statutory digital currency to be issued by the People’s Bank of China, with the acronym DC/EP, is a central bank liability with credit equivalent to the legal currency. Item A is an error.
B项：第三方支付对应的是M2，性质上是商业银行负债，而央行数字货币代替M0，即流通中的现金，现阶段不会替代M1、M2(M1指狭义货币，M1=M0+活期储蓄;M2指广义货币，M2=M1+广义货币)。B项错误。
Item B: Third-party payments correspond to M2, which is a commercial bank liability in nature, while the central bank's digital currency replaces M0, i.e. cash in circulation, and will not at this stage replace M1, M2 (M1 for a narrow currency, M1 = M0 + current savings; M2 for a broad currency, M2 = M1 + a broad currency).
C项：与手机移动支付不同，DC/EP不储蓄卡扣费，且能离线交易，这一点和现金交易是一致的。手机上安装央行数字货币钱包，只要手机有电，就能把数字货币转移给另一个人，而微信、支付宝等支付软件要有网络才能完成支付。C项错误。
Item C: Unlike mobile payments for mobile phones, DC/EP does not save card charges and is able to trade offline, which is consistent with cash transactions. A central bank digital money wallet is installed on a mobile phone, which transfers digital money to another person as long as the cell phone has electricity, and payment software such as micro-letters, payment treasures, etc. requires a network to complete the payment.
D项：DC/EP是具有法偿性的电子货币，有信用背书，任何个人和商家都不能拒绝。D项错误。
Item D: DC/EP is a legally paid electronic currency with a credit endorsement that no individual or businessman can refuse.
因此，选择ABCD选项。
So choose the ABCD option.
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In the summer, the busy and hot summers came, and the test announcements came from all over the world. Don't let go. Keep your exercises up, prepare your exams, and your chances.
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