区块链开启价值互联网新时代

“区块链”这一概念滥觞于2008 年化名为中本聪(Satoshi Nakamoto)的学者在密码学邮件组发表的奠基性论文《Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System》。区块链技术具有去中心化、可追溯性好、难以篡改等特点。从技术的角度看，区块链是分布式数据存储、点对点传输、共识机制、加密算法等计算机技术的新型应用模式。由于其在金融、经济、科技甚至政治等各领域深刻的变革潜力，区块链近年来受到了国内外的高度关注。

The concept of "block chain" is indisputable from 2008 when scholars named Satoshi Nakamoto published the founding paper Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System, published in the cryptography mail group. The block chain technology has the characteristics of decentralizing, retraceable, and difficult to tamper with. From a technical point of view, the block chain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms. Because of its profound potential for change in various fields, such as finance, economy, science and technology, and even politics, the block chain has received a high degree of national and international attention in recent years.

区块链开启下一代互联网

The block chain opens the next generation of the Internet.

一般意义上，我们把第一代互联网叫做信息互联网，它的主要作用是利用相关技术更快更好地进行信息传输。中国现在的互联网巨头“BAT”(百度、阿里巴巴和腾讯)，主要业务均与信息传播息息相关，这个正好反映了信息互联网阶段的时代特点。

In general, we call the first generation of the Internet the Information Internet, whose main role is to use relevant technologies for faster and better transmission of information. China’s current Internet giants, “BAT” (100 degrees, Alibaba, and Totem), are all linked to the dissemination of information, reflecting the age-old characteristics of the information Internet phase.

信息与价值往往密不可分，在人类社会中，价值传递的重要性也与信息传播不相上下。互联网的出现，使信息传播手段实现了飞跃，信息可以不经过第三方、点对点的实现在全球范围的高效流动。而价值传递的效率，却还没有得到同步的提升。区块链的诞生，正是人类构建对等于信息互联网的价值传输网络的开始。这个网络就是价值互联网，它将使人们能够在网上像传递信息一样方便、快捷、低成本地传递价值，这些价值可以表现为资金、资产或其他形式。价值互联网必将像信息互联网一样，给人们生活带来翻天覆地的变化。

Information is often inextricably linked to value, and in human society the importance of value transmission is not equal to that of information dissemination. The advent of the Internet has made it possible to leapfrog information dissemination by means of efficient flow of information across the globe without third parties, point-to-point.

比如，区块链可以为交易双方直接提供端到端的支付服务，其间不涉及中间机构。因此，支付服务的速度将得到大幅提升，同时成本将大幅降低。再以小额跨境汇款为例，如果基于区块链技术构建一套通用的分布式银行间金融交易系统，为用户提供全球范围的实时服务，跨境汇款将会变得更加便捷，费用也会更加低廉，大量的出国务工人员将得到更多的实惠。根据麦肯锡和奥纬咨询的测算，区块链机房的基础设施建设成本仅为目前集中式数据中心的1%，运营成本只有3%—5%。运用区块链技术进行跨境支付结算，不仅可以缩短结算周期，而且每年可以节省100亿—200亿美元的成本。

Take small cross-border remittances, for example, when building a common distributed interbank financial transaction system based on block chain technology that provides real-time services to users globally, cross-border remittances will become easier, cheaper, and more profitable for large numbers of expatriate workers. According to McKinsey and Altitude consultations, infrastructure construction costs are only 1% of the current centralized data centre and 3-5% of the operating cost.

我们还可以假想这样一个场景：在区块链技术广泛应用的价值互联网上，互联网不再是一个可以随意复制粘贴的所在。我们不再被网络巨头监视一举一动，甚至沦为数据贩子眼中的猎物。每一则文字、每一张照片、每一段短视频乃至用户各自的行为习惯都有明确的所有权归属。版权所属自动确认，微交易市场空前火爆……

We can also imagine a scenario in which the Internet is no longer a value Internet that can be reproduced randomly on the widespread use of block chain technology. We are no longer being watched by the giants of the Internet, or even prey in the eyes of the data dealer. Every text, every photo, every short video, or even the user's own behavior is clearly owned. The copyright automatically confirms that the micro-trading market is as hot as ever.

区块链如此巨大的潜力和发展空间，吸引了众多企业和投资人加入到区块链的大潮中。与此同时，区块链的爆红也存着着一些问题。

Such a huge potential and space for development of block chains attracts a large number of businesses and investors into the wave of block chains. At the same time, there are problems with the bursting of block chains.

区块链爆红推动企业快速生长

Block-strength red drives the business to grow fast.

2016年，微软、IBM、英特尔、阿里巴巴、腾讯和百度等知名公司纷纷进入区块链行业。截止2017年4月底，全球总共455家区块链公司获得融资，累计融资19.47亿美元，中国共有61家获投，数量上位列全球第二。

In 2016, prominent companies, such as Microsoft, IBM, Intel, Alibaba, Tenseng, and 100-degree, entered the block chain industry. By the end of April 2017, a total of 455 block chain companies worldwide had been financed, with cumulative financing of $1,947 million, and 61 Chinese had been awarded the second largest number in the world.

资本的助力让更多人加入了区块链探索的阵营，其中有一些专注于技术、踏实做事的公司，也有一些渴望浑水摸鱼、快速捞金的企业。总体来说，区块链技术在资本和人才的推动下，快速向前发展。前不久，我国发布了新一代分布式账本底层技术L0，这项技术成为了区块链领域的新标杆。该技术突破了目前制约区块链技术大规模应用的最大瓶颈“性能”，能够将目前最高的每秒交易数值(TPS)由数千笔提升到百万级别，这是近期我国在全球区块链领域里取得的一项重大的突破。作为L0技术发明团队领导者、北京博晨技术有限公司创始人兼CEO张健介绍到：“L0技术实现了分布式账本技术由单链向多链的发展，为区块链在数字货币及金融服务等领域的大规模应用奠定了新的基础。”

In general, block-chain technology has moved forward rapidly, driven by capital and talent. Earlier this year, we released a new generation of bottom-of-the-book technology L0, which became a new marker in the area of block chains. This technology broke through the single-chain “performance” that currently constrains large-scale applications of block-chain technologies, bringing the current highest transaction value per second (TPS) from thousands to millions, a major breakthrough in the recent global sector. As leader of the L0 technology team, the founder of the Beijing Bo morning Technology Ltd. and CEO, it was introduced: “L0 technology achieved the distributed account technology from one chain to multiple chains, laying a new foundation for large-scale applications of district chains in areas such as digital money and financial services.”

区块链由爆红到爆发 亟待解决几个问题

The block chain runs from the red to the burst, and there's a few problems to be solved.

区块链应用的爆发，除了以上提到的技术瓶颈之外，还要解决数字货币普及、监管体系的建立等问题。

The outbreak of block chain applications, in addition to the technical bottlenecks mentioned above, also addresses digital currency penetration and the establishment of regulatory systems.

区块链解决的是价值高效传递的问题，而从载体的角度看，区块链传递价值的过程自始至终是基于互联网的，是线上的。众所周知，价值最广泛最典型的载体是货币。当货币形式是传统的纸币时，线下的纸永远无法在线上以数字的形式高效流通。因此，只有当数字货币普及，价值载体顺畅的搬迁到线上，区块链应用的大规模爆发才顺理成章。2016年1月20日，中国人民银行举行了数字货币研讨会，要求探索发行数字货币并争取早日推出央行发行的数字货币，这一天似乎为期不远。

Block chains solve the problem of efficient transfer of values, whereas, from the point of view of the carrier, the process of transfer of value in the block chain is always Internet-based and wire-based. As is well known, the most widespread and typical carrier of value is currency.

区块链涉及金融和经济的核心要素，如货币、各类型的资产等，所以监管体系的建立也非常关键。前中国银行行长、现任中国互联网金融协会区块链研究工作组组长李礼辉在第二届全球区块链峰会上表示：“从金融监管的视角来观察当前主要的问题是，对于区块链技术在金融上规模化的应用各国尚未做好准备。对于如何制定技术规则和法律规则还没有具体的行动方案。鉴于区块链金融的分布式和自规则的特征，我认为在区块链金融的监管方面，不仅需要法律规则，同样需要技术规则，而当前正是监管介入合适的时期。”

The building of regulatory systems is also crucial because block chains involve the core elements of finance and the economy, such as money, various types of assets, etc. The former Governor of Chinese banks and the current head of the IIFA block chain research team, Li Lhui, stated at the second Global Block Chain Summit: “The main problem from a financial regulatory perspective is that countries are not ready to apply block chain technology on a financial scale. There is no specific course of action on how to develop technical and legal rules. Given the distribution and self-regulation features of block chain finance, I think that regulation of block chain finance requires not only legal rules, but also technical rules, and that this is the right time for regulatory intervention.”

区块链前景十分美好，但是要实现大规模的爆发，还面临着诸多挑战，但是其作为具有变革性的底层技术，未来的应用和发展的前景还是无需质疑的。

The block chain is promising, but many challenges remain in order to achieve a large-scale outbreak, but the prospects for its future application and development as a transformative technology at the bottom need not be questioned.

区块链将改变未来

The chain of blocks will change the future.

加拿大参议院在2015年6月发布的《数字货币：不可轻掷的货币》报告中指出：“加密货币相应的新技术有不可想象的应用，区块链技术的开发与应用正处在微妙的阶段，为此，呼吁政府积极探索区块链技术的潜力。”

The Canadian Senate, in its report Digital Currency: A Non-Smuggling Currency, published in June 2015, stated: “The new technologies for encrypting the corresponding currency have unimaginable applications and the development and application of block chain technology is at a delicate stage, and to this end calls upon the Government to actively explore the potential of block chain technology.”

2015年12月30日，纳斯达克通过区块链平台完成了首个证券交易。

On 30 December 2015, NASDAQ completed its first securities transaction through the block chain platform.

2016年1月20日，区块链创业企业R3 CEV进行了首次分布式账本实验，并连接了巴克莱银行、BMO银行金融集团等11家成员银行。

On 20 January 2016, the block chain starter R3 CEV carried out the first distributed book experiment and connected 11 member banks such as Barclay Bank, BMO Bank Financial Group, etc.

未来，随着人工智能、物联网等新技术与区块链的互相结合，区块链的去中心化、去信任、难以篡改等特性将发挥更大的作用，能够形成一些在中心化模式下难以实现的商业模式。

In the future, with the combination of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, object networking and block chains, the decentralization of block chains, de-trusting and hard-to-manufacture features will play a greater role in shaping business models that are difficult to achieve under the centralization model.

区块链技术具有明显的优势，但是对于区块链的发展还是应该保持清醒的认识。“对于颠覆性技术的发展，我们容易形成的误判是，高估短期影响，低估长期影响。区块链崛起的周期将比大多数人预想的要长，而最后影响的深度也会比大家想象的要深。”对于区块链的发展和崛起，张健在接受采访时如是表示。

Block chain technology has obvious advantages, but it is important to remain conscious of the development of the block chain. “The miscalculation that we can easily make about the development of subversive technology is that it overestimates short-term impacts and underestimates long-term impacts. The cycle of the rise of the block chain will be longer than most would have expected, and the final impact will be deeper.