数字人民币，正成为微博热搜的“常客”。
Digital renminbi, which is becoming a “guest” of microblogging.
当数字人民币正不断加速向我们走来，并且开始成为人们争先谈论的时髦名词之时，仍有不少人感到不解：数字人民币到底是什么？为何要推出？如何使用？它与微信支付的差别究竟是什么？……
At a time when the renminbi is coming to us at an accelerated pace and is beginning to become a fashionable term that people are arguing about: what is the renminbi? Why should it be launched? How should it be used? What is the difference between it and the payment of micro-letters?
为此，新浪科技采访了相关人士，希望通过以下这 8 个答疑，可以进一步加深你对数字人民币的理解。
To this end, Xinwa Tech interviewed the people concerned, hoping to further deepen your understanding of the RMB through the eight answers.
“数字人民币是由央行发行的法定数字货币，它由指定运营机构参与运营并向公众兑换，与纸钞和硬币等价。”此前的第二届外滩金融峰会上，数字货币研究所所长穆长春的发言，便已经明确阐述了数字人民币的本质。
“Digital renminbi is a statutory digital currency issued by the central bank, which is operated and converted to the public by designated operators, at the equivalent of banknotes and coins.” Earlier at the second Foreign Beach Finance Summit, the Director of the Digital Monetary Institute, Mu Changchun, had made a clear statement on the nature of the digital renminbi.
根据穆长春的介绍，数字人民币的功能和属性与纸钞完全一样，只不过它的形态是电子化的。简而言之，数字人民币就是电子版的人民币，他所起到的作用与现在流通的现金和硬币一样，都具备一般等价物作为交易凭证的职能。
According to Mu Changchun, the functions and properties of the digital renminbi are exactly the same as banknotes, except that their form is electronic. In short, the digital renminbi is the electronic currency of the renminbi, and its role, like the cash and coins currently in circulation, is that of a general equivalent as proof of a transaction.
据目前已开展了多次数字人民币试点的京东科技相关负责人介绍，目前数字人民币主要由央行进行集中式的发行管理，维持整体的稳定性，在流通上则以“中农工建邮交”等实力雄厚的商业银行充当指定运营机构，流通时指定运营机构需首先缴纳 100% 准备金获得数字人民币发行额度，然后再向用户和其他机构进行投放。
According to the director of technology in Kyoto, which has been piloting several digital renminbis, the digital renminbi is now administered centrally by the central bank, maintaining overall stability, and in circulation is used as a designated operating agency by powerful commercial banks, such as the “Middle and Farm Craft”, which are required to pay first 100 per cent of the reserve to receive the amount of the digital renminbi issued and then to distribute it to users and other institutions.
可见，在流通机制上，数字人民币是基于现有的现金管理规范进行的，主要还是货币形态的不同。
As can be seen, the digital renminbi is based on existing cash management norms in the mechanisms of circulation, mainly in different currency forms.
相比于现金使用存在的印制发行成本高、携带不便等局限，数字人民币的出现通过电子账本的方式，替代了实体货币，节约了现金生产和流通时所需的各项成本。而且，基于数字加密和区块链等技术，还可进一步实现交易匿名，信息不可篡改等功能，保证了每一笔交易的公正性，能有效抵御金融欺诈和非法交易等行为发生。
Compared to the limitations of cash use, such as the high cost of printing and distribution and the inconvenience of carrying it, the emergence of digital renminbi replaces the real currency by an electronic account, saving all the costs involved in cash production and circulation. And, based on technology such as digital encryption and block chains, the anonymity of transactions can be further enhanced, such as information that cannot be tampered with, ensuring the fairness of each transaction and effectively countering financial fraud and illegal transactions.
此外，随着支付宝、微信支付等在线支付形式的推广普及，目前绝大多数一二线城市的年轻人使用现金的频率和机会，都下降甚至于消失了。无现金社会，正在成为一个不断逼近的现实。
Moreover, with the spread of online forms of payment, such as payment treasures and micro-mail payments, the frequency and opportunity of cash use by young people in the vast majority of second-line cities has declined or even disappeared. A cash-free society is becoming an emerging reality.
从全球来看，目前美国、日本、加拿大、瑞典等国家均已经推出了以政府为主导的数字货币。以 Facebook 主导推出的 Libra 数字货币项目，也正在对全球各国政府构成新的冲击。
Globally, countries like the US, Japan, Canada, and Sweden have now launched government-led digital currencies. The Libra Digital Currency project, led by Facebook, is also creating new shocks for governments around the world.
在这一背景之下，“国内推出以政府为背书的数字人民币，成为了顺应趋势并捍卫国家货币主权的主动创新举措。”在与新浪科技的交流过程中，博通分析金融行业资深分析师王蓬勃如此表示。
Against this background, “the domestic roll-out of the Government-backed digital renminbi has become a proactive innovation in responding to trends and defending the sovereignty of the country's currency.” In the course of exchanges with new wave technologies, the senior analysts of the financial industry, Wang Bosun, expressed this view.
既然数字人民币跟微信支付和支付宝都承担着无现金社会下交易支付的职能，那么他们之间究竟有什么区别呢？
What is the difference between the digital renminbi and the payment of micro-mails and the payment of treasures, which are the functions of cashless transactions in a society?
事实上，数字人民币与微信支付和支付宝之间有着本质的区别。定位替代于 M0（流通中的现金，即纸钞和硬币）级货币的数字人民币，有着高于国内其他任意种数字货币的法定地位，在支付条件允许的情况下，任何人和机构都不能拒收。
In fact, there is a fundamental difference between the digital renminbi and the payment of micro-credit and the payment of treasures. The location of the digital renminbi, which replaces the M0 (cash in circulation, i.e., banknotes and coins), has a legal status higher than any other digital currency in the country, and no one and no institution can refuse to accept it when the terms of payment permit.
在现行的支付体系下，支付宝、微信支付等在线支付方式，首先需要绑定银行卡，然后每一笔交易都需通过银行间系统实现底层账目清算，但数字人民币并不需要绕这么远的路径，因为他属于最基础的货币形态，直接存在于国家金融系统内部。
Under the current payment system, online payments, such as payment treasures and micro-credit payments, first have to be tied to a bank card and then each transaction has to be cleared of the bottom account through the inter-bank system, but the digital renminbi does not have to go this far, as it belongs to the most basic monetary form and exists directly within the national financial system.
而且，数字人民币还具有非盈利性，使用数字人民币交易不需收取手续费。当然，数字人民币的出现并不是为了取代支付宝和微信支付。“政策推出数字货币本身还是基于更长远的考虑进行的。”在王蓬勃看来，数字人民币未来也将借助钱包等工具来承载交易目的，与支付宝、微信支付等时下热门的支付工具将相互配合开展工作。
“The introduction of digital money in its own right is based on longer-term considerations.” In Wang Bo’s view, the digital renminbi will also be carried out in the future by means of instruments such as wallets, and will work in tandem with popular payment tools such as payment treasures and micro-credit payments.
在今年四月底举办的第四届数字中国建设成果展览会上，工商银行、京东等多家机构首次全面公开展示了其数字人民币的应用成果，硬件钱包、手表、徽章、滑雪手套等数字人民币支付介质得以亮相，扫码支付、贴一贴等产品功能引发不少业界讨论。
At the fourth Digital China Building Exhibition, held at the end of April this year, for the first time, several institutions, such as the Bank of Commerce and Industry and Tokyo, have made a full and public presentation of the results of their digital renminbi applications. The digital renminbi payment medium, such as hardware wallets, watches, badges, ski gloves, etc., has been made visible, and the work of cleaning up and posting one of the products has been the subject of many industry discussions.
“事实上，无论是硬件钱包还是手表，这些不同形态的交易媒介与软件形态的支付钱包类似，都是数字人民币实现交易目的的物理载体。”王蓬勃表示。
“In fact, these different forms of trading agents, whether hardware wallets or watches, are similar to payment wallets in the form of software, which are the physical carriers of the digital renminbi for the purposes of the transaction.” Wang Bing said.
提到数字人民币，人们可能很快便能联想到区块链、比特币等这类新兴概念。
When it comes to digital renminbi, one may soon be able to connect to emerging concepts such as block chains, bitcoin, etc.
事实上，区块链作为比特币的底层技术，本质上是一个去中心化的分布式数据库。而比特币作为目前业界最具代表性的数字货币，并不适用于付款和日常交易，在国家政府层面受到的认可度也有限。数字人民币作为由中国政府主导推出的主权货币，首先在主流认可度上便区别于比特币。
In fact, the block chain, as the bottom technology of Bitcoin, is essentially a decentralised distributed database. Bitcoin, as the most representative digital currency in the current industry, does not apply to payments and day-to-day transactions, and has limited recognition at the national government level.
虽然在技术的实现上，区块链是数字人民币研发考虑的技术路线，但却不是唯一的选择。“数字人民币在研发工作上不预设技术路线，可以在市场上公平竞争选优，既可以考虑区块链技术，也可采取在现有电子支付基础上演变出来的新技术，充分调动市场的积极性和创造性。”此前央行行长易纲的介绍，已经做了清晰的界定。
“Digital renminbi is not a technology route for R & D, but it is not the only option in terms of technology for which technology is considered. “Digital renminbi does not foresee technological routes for R & D, and can compete fairly in the market, either by taking into account block chain technology or by adopting new technologies that have evolved from existing electronic payments, and by fully mobilizing market motivation and creativity.” This was clearly defined in the presentation by the Governor of the Central Bank.
2020 年 4 月，央行宣布首批数字人民币开始试点，深圳、苏州、北京、成都四地，成为了首批数字人民币试点城市，抢先开展落地探索。随后到了 2020 年 10 月，数字人民币试点又新增加了上海、海南、长沙、西安、青岛、大连 6 个地区。
In April 2020, the Central Bank announced that the first digital renminbi pilots had started in Shenzhen, Suzhou, Beijing, and Chengdu, making them the first digital renminbi pilot cities to explore their landings. Then, in October 2020, the digital renminbi pilots were added to the six regions of Shanghai, Hainan, Changsha, Xian, Qingdao, Dalian.
据介绍，目前全国各试点城市之间已累计开展了 8 轮数字人民币试点测试，累计吸引了超过 120 万消费者参与体验，试点场景覆盖至生活缴费、餐饮服务、交通出行、购物消费等多个领域。
It was reported that a cumulative 8 rounds of digital renminbi pilot testing had been carried out among pilot cities across the country, attracting more than 1.2 million consumers to participate in the experience, covering a wide range of areas such as living contributions, catering services, transportation and shopping consumption.
另有北京市金融监管局 4 月 28 日发布的最新消息称，北京也将于近期启动第二次数字人民币试点活动。活动由北京城市副中心、东城区、朝阳区、海淀区、石景山区共同主办，聚焦北京冬奥食、住、行、游、购、娱、信等场景，将在北京市多个核心商业区开展数字人民币消费体验。
Another news released by the Beijing City Financial Supervisory Authority on April 28 states that Beijing will also launch its second digital renminbi pilot in the near future.
据相关媒体记者五一走访发现，北京郊区的一些大型商超，已经开始推出了数字人民币支付选项，与微信支付、支付宝支付、云闪付等并排，只不过目前还没有接到正式推广的通知。
According to a 51-year visit by media journalists, some of the big businesses in the suburbs of Beijing have started to introduce the digital renminbi payment option, along with micro-mail payments, payment of treasures, cloud flash payments, etc., although no official promotion has yet been notified.
在全球范围内，数字货币的讨论、试验和试点也正在持续推进过程中。
At the global level, the discussion, testing and piloting of digital currencies are also continuing.
在美国，美联储推出了 Fedcoin 作为零售型央行数字货币，可与美元进行等价兑换。加拿大央行也推出了 CADcoin 项目，搭建了一个基于分布式账簿的大额支付系统，CADcoin 成为了这个系统中使用的新货币。
In the United States, the Fed introduced Fedcoin as a retail central bank digital currency that can be converted to the United States dollar. The Central Bank of Canada also launched the CADcoin project, with a large payment system based on distributed books, and CADcoin became the new currency used in the system.
作为目前全球“无现金社会”转型力度最大的国家，瑞典央行也推出了 eKrona 项目。数据显示，自 2009 年以来，瑞典纸币及硬币的数量下降了 40%，无现金支付已成为了瑞典人民的日常，而如何为民众提供一种不通过零售银行等中介的支付方式，也成为了瑞典央行当下思考的问题。
The Swedish Central Bank has also launched the eKrona project as the country with the largest transformation of the current global “cashless society.” The data show that since 2009, the number of Swedish banknotes and coins has fallen by 40%, that non-cash payments have become the daily business of the Swedish people, and that the issue of how to provide people with a form of payment that does not go through intermediaries such as retail banks has become a matter of immediate reflection by the Swedish Central Bank.
在英国、日本、新加坡、泰国、澳大利亚等国家，数字货币的发行和试点也正在不断推进过程中。
In countries such as the United Kingdom, Japan, Singapore, Thailand and Australia, the distribution and piloting of digital currencies is also under way.
在全球纷纷加速推进数字货币的大潮中，国内的数字人民币也已经在多个城市落地试点。包括京东、滴滴、美团等在内的主流互联网企业，也已经开始试点打通线上线下的数字人民币支付渠道。数字人民币，已然正在走进我们的现实生活当中。
The country’s digital renminbi has also been piloted in several cities in the midst of a global drive to accelerate digital money. Mainstream Internet companies, including Kyundong, Drippa, and the United States Regiment, have also started piloting digital renminbi payment channels online.
在央行的中心化管理之下，数字人民币经由“中农工建邮交”等主流商业银行及其他第三方支付机构共同参与流通服务，未来也将吸引更多的新入局者参与进入。
Under the central control of the central bank, the digital renminbi is involved in the flow of services through mainstream commercial banks, such as the “Middle and Farm” and other third-party payment agencies, and will also attract more new entrants in the future.
“支付作为所有商业的基础，如今已发展成为了流量与用户数据的入口。随着移动互联网、AI、云计算等技术的不断发展，新的场景与需求总在不断地出现，而数字人民币与这些新的技术叠加组合，也将为我们勾勒出一幅富于想象力的未来图景。”王蓬勃表示。
“Payment, as the foundation of all business, has now developed into an entry point for flow and user data. As mobile Internet, AI, cloud computing, etc., new scenes and demands continue to emerge, and the digital renminbi, in combination with these new technologies, will provide us with an imaginative picture of the future.” Wang was very active.
从长的时间周期来看，全无现金支付，基于人体特征的行为支付，这些目前仍处于畅想阶段的图景，在不远的将来也很可能成为现实。
The long-term cycle of zero cash payments and payments for behaviour based on human characteristics, which are still at an illustrious stage, is also likely to become a reality in the near future.
在了解了数字人民币及其当下发展现状之后，往往人们最后想到的一个问题会是 —— 我该如何开启自己的首个数字人民币体验之旅？
After learning the digital renminbi and its current state of development, one of the questions that often comes to mind is -- how do I start my first digital renminbi experience?
据已经体验过数字人民币的用户介绍，从使用体验上来看，使用数字人民币进行付款与支付宝、微信等无异，数秒之内便能完成交易。不过目前数字人民币目前并未进入大规模对外公开测试阶段，使用者需经过提前预约摇号，中签收到短信通知之后方可以根据提示注册并进行消费。
According to users who have already experienced digital renminbi, the use of digital renminbi for payments and payment of treasures, micro-letters, etc., is no different from the use of digital renminbi, which can be traded in a matter of seconds. However, the digital renminbi is not currently undergoing large-scale public testing, and users are required to make an advance appointment to shake numbers in which they can register and consume after receiving a text message.
拥有“中农工建邮交”六家数字人民币指定运营机构银行卡的用户，需要下载已开通网上银行账户的银行 App，然后在 App 内搜索数字人民币，便可检索到与之对应的数字人民币体验预约功能模块，点击按提示申请后，便有可能获得消费体验的机会。
Users with six digital RMB-designated operating agency bank cards need to download the bank App, which has opened an online bank account, and then search the RMB in App. The corresponding digital RMB experience functional module can be retrieved, and it is possible to gain a consumption experience by clicking on the application.
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