在加密货币中,大家应该很快就会碰到「稳定币」这三个字,像是 USDC、USDT、DAI... 等等; 到底稳定币是什么? 稳定币又有哪些? 排名又是怎样的呢?
各位加密货币新手不用担心,本篇将用最完整的方式,详细说明稳定币到底是什么! 也包括稳定币可能碰到的风险、过去曾经发生过的稳定币脱钩、崩盘事件整理等等,让大家可以快速了解!
Certificate Money Newcomers don't have to worry that this article will describe in the most complete way what is a stable currency!

加密货币有很多种,像是比特币、以太币、柴犬币等等都是,而本篇介绍的「稳定币」也是加密货币的一种。
Encrypted currencies, such as Bitcoin, Ethercopics, Cyclops, etc., and the "stable currency" described here is also an encrypted currency.
而所谓的稳定币,指的大多是美元稳定币,意思是跟美元锚定1:1的价值。
更简单的来说,「1稳定币=1美元」。 也正因为这样的特性,在交易比特币或以太币等加密货币时,都是用稳定币来作为计价标准。
Stabilized Currency = US$1 >. And because of this characteristic, stability currency is used as a numeric criterion when trading in an encrypted currency, such as bitcoin or tuspan.
因此,稳定币很适合用来作为购买其他加密货币的媒介。 像是一枚比特币需要多少稳定币、一枚以太币需要多少稳定币这样,在加密货币的世界中,经常用稳定币作为某一个货币的衡量单位。
is therefore well suited to be used as a medium for the purchase of other encrypted currencies. Like how much a bitcoin needs to be stable, how much a bitcoin needs to be stable in a tusk, and in a world of encoded currencies, it is often used as a unit of measure for a particular currency.
小结:稳定币不易波动,因此可以做为各种加密货币交易的媒介; 像是美元稳定币基本上就与美金维持1:1的汇率。
Summary: Stable Currency is not volatile, so it can be used as a medium for various encrypted currency transactions; it's like a dollar-stabilized currency that basically maintains a 1:1 exchange rate with the dollar.
另外,主流的稳定币为 USDT、USDC,所以币圈也俗称「几U」,例如:「我赚了 1000u」、「我赔了 500u」、「我转 300u 给你」这样的说法。
In addition, the mainstream stabilizers are USDT, USDC, so the currency circles are commonly called "a few U" for example: "I earned 1000u", "I paid 500u", "I turned 300u to you".
所谓的稳定币指的大多是美元稳定币,跟美金的汇率维持在1:1左右(会有小幅波动,但基本上可以视为1:1)。
The so-called stable currency refers mostly to the stable dollar and the exchange rate with the dollar is around 1:1 (there will be small fluctuations, but basically can be considered as 1:1).
而稳定币之所以可以跟美元维持锚定的关系,有几种不同的机制,大致说明如下:
每发行一枚稳定币,就必须要有一美元的法币在银行,因此有多少稳定币就代表有多少法币储备,这类型称为法币储备稳定币。
For every stable currency to be issued, one dollar of French currency is required to be in the bank, so the number of stable currencies represents the amount of French currency reserves, the type of which is called French currency reserve steady currency.
像是 USDT、USDC 等等,都称为美元储备稳定币。
因为这类型稳定币以美元作为担保,每一枚美元稳定币背后就是一美元的法币,因此跟美金的汇率维持在1:1左右,不像比特币或以太币那样会剧烈波动。
Because this type of stable currency is guaranteed by the United States dollar, each dollar is backed by a dollar in French, so the exchange rate with the United States dollar is maintained at around 1:1 and is not as volatile as Bitcoin or Taigus.
除了用法币作为储备,另外有一类型的稳定币是以加密货币作为储备的。
In addition to using French currency as a reserve, there is another type of stable currency that is stored in encrypted currency.
假使BTC现在价值30000,那么我抵押一枚BTC,然后发行20000枚稳定币,这样一来只要比特币价格没有跌破20000,我发行的稳定币也都一样有超额抵押,跟美元稳定币的差异是,这类型稳定币是用加密货币作为抵押品。
这类型稳定币也可能用 USDT、USDC 作为抵押品,那这样其实也算间接的使用法币作为抵押。
这类型「加密货币稳定币」有 DAI。
The type of "encrypted currency stability currency" has DAI.
另一种常听到的稳定币称为「算法稳定币」,这是透过智能合约来控制货币流通数量的一种稳定币,只要稳定币脱钩,就会透过算法销毁代币,透过供需法则让价值回升,直到回到1:1 为止。
前阵子崩盘的UST,就是这类型稳定币,另外也有USDD也算是这种,这类型稳定币目前并不是真正的很稳定。 除此之外,还有商品稳定币等等,较为少见,在此就不赘述。
如果你现在手中不想持有加密货币,只想先持有稳定币,那么币圈人最常使用的稳定币有哪几种呢?
以下一一为大家介绍,依照通用程度排序。
USDT 是目前交易量最大的稳定币,全名是「Tether USD 泰达币」,这是由 Tether 这家公司发行的稳定币。
USDT is the most stable currency currently traded under the full name of "Teth USD Titanic", issued by Tether.
目前USDT是加密货币市场中流通最广的稳定币,与美元汇率锚定1:1,至截稿为止,市值为2.1万亿台币左右,是所有加密货币市值排行第四名的货币。

泰达币(USDT)是美元储备的稳定币,也就是 1 USDT 背后理论上要有 1 USD 的储备作为担保,才能确保它与美元保持 1:1 的汇率。 而 Tether 也需要出具审计报告,证明背后的美元储备以及清偿能力。
Tedan is a stable currency of the dollar reserve, i.e. a USD reserve is theoretically secured by 1 USDT to ensure that it maintains a 1:1 exchange rate with the dollar.
然而 USDT 却曾经爆出争议,指出背后的美元担保因为遭到挪用(尽管背后有一些复杂的原因与官司),导致 USDT 与美元的储备曾经仅有 74%; 不过在2020年时,Tether表示已经回到100%储备的水平。
However, USDT has been controversial, pointing out that the dollar guarantee behind it was embezzled (despite some complicated reasons and lawsuits), resulting in USDT and dollar reserves having been only 74%; however, in 2020, Teth said that it was back to 100% reserve level.
但也因为这样,让部分用户对 USDT 的信誉感到存疑; 尽管如此,USDT 还是目前市面上流通最广、最大的稳定币。
USDC是第二大的美元稳定币,同样是以1:1汇率锚定与美元的价值。
USDC is the second-largest dollar-stabilized currency, which is also the value of the exchange rate anchored to the dollar at 1:1.
USDC 由交易所 Coinbase(在美国有 IPO 上市)以及高盛集团旗下的 Circle 公司开发; Circle 在美国持有执照,必须遵守相关法规,而USDC也获得纽约金融服务部的许可,因此是一个有受到美国监管的稳定币。
USDC developed by the Exchange Coinbase (which has an IPO listing in the United States) and the Corcle Corporation under the banner of the Goldman Sachs Group;
USDC 同样是美元储备的稳定币,每个月都要由美国前五大会计师事务所 Grant Thornton LLP(正大会计师事务所)出具审计报告,透明性较 USDT 还高。
USDC is also a stable currency in United States dollar reserves, with a monthly audit report from the top five accounting firms in the United States, Grant Thornton LLP, which is more transparent than USDDT.
如果对 USDT 持有存疑,选用 USDC 也是不错的方式,流通性也相当广,而且受到的规范较为透明。
相较于上面两者稳定币,都是藉由中心化的机构作为担保; DAI 这个稳定币则是去中心化的。
DAI 可以通过抵押以太币获得(不同于 USDT、USDC 是抵押美元法币),然后通过智能合约向抵押者提供一定数量的 DAI。
DAI can be obtained by collateral in tayats (as opposed to USDT, USDC is mortgaged in French dollars) and then a certain number of DAIs can be made available to mortgagers through smart contracts.
不过,既然是抵押 ETH(以太币)来获得 DAI,那又要如何确保他与美元维持 1:1 的汇率关系呢? 这背后关系到智能合约、Keeper、清偿率等等机制,在这边恕无法多做解释... 但各位只要知道,DAI是一个去中心化的稳定币,同样与美元维持接近1:1的汇率。
But, since it's a mortgage on ETH to get DAI, how will it be possible to ensure that he maintains a 1:1 exchange rate relationship with the dollar?
且 DAI 的交易都有上链,所以可以直接在区块链上查询,透明度较高。
BUSD是BA与Paxos发行,同样是采用美元储备作为担保的稳定币,也一样与美金维持1:1的汇率关系; 纽约的监管机构也有针对 BUSD 的发行公司 Paxos、Binance 进行监管,确保代币可完全抵押。
BUSD is issued by BA and Paxos, similarly using the dollar reserve as a guarantee for a stable currency, and maintains a 1:1 exchange rate relationship with the dollar; New York's regulators also regulate BUSD issuers, Paxs, Binance, to ensure that the tokens are fully encumbered.
如果各位有在BA入金的经验,当你把美金汇给BA的时候,BA会在你的钱包里新增 1:1 的 BUSD,作为你开始加密货币交易的媒介; 在BA出金时,也会把你的BUSD换成美元并汇入银行账户。
If you have any experience in cashing in BA, when you send the dollar to BA, BA will add 1:1 BUSD to your wallet as a medium for you to start encrypt currency transactions; your BUSD will also be converted into United States dollars and transferred to a bank account when BA makes the cash.
透过BUSD交易,在BA里可以享有手续费折扣或减免等优惠,另外比起USDT、USDC有时会稍微偏离1:1的汇率(例如1:0.999之类的),BUSD在币安上与美元能维持1:1的汇率。
Through BUSD transactions, benefits such as fee discounts or reliefs are available in BA, as well as a slight deviation from the 1:1 exchange rate (e.g. 1:0.999) for BUSD to maintain the 1:1 exchange rate with the United States dollar on currency placement.
不过,现在币安已经不推行使用 BUSD 了。
but now currency security no longer uses BUSD.
以下是截稿为止(2023/06/28)时,市场上较大的稳定币比较与排行(依据市值排行)

目前最受到市场广泛使用的,就是 USDT,其次是 USDC,基本上各位只要用这两种也就足够了,其他稳定币大多是在特殊情境下才会使用,例如 De-Fi、用 TUSD 参与币安活动等等。
.
日常交易来说,USDT、USDC 就足够,其中又以 USDT 使用最为广泛。
虽然稳定币大致上只要知道五种就非常足够:USDT、USDC、BUSD、DAI、TUSD 就够了,但实际在使用上,大多数人还是只有用 USDT 和 USDC。
Although it is enough to know about the five currencies: USDT, USDC, BUSD, DAI, TUSD, but in practice most people use only USDT and USDC.
前面有大致介绍过这几种稳定币的差异,不过这边整理个人以及一些 PTT 网友的看法,提供稳定币的比较给各位参考,当然,大家还是可以依据自己的理解选用适合的稳定币。
USDT 是市值最大、流通最广的,且在转账时可以使用TRC20(TRON链)来转账,手续费低廉,因此如果你经常要在不同的交易所把稳定币转来转去,使用 USDT 会是比较适合的方式之一。
USDT is the most market-marketed and widely circulating, and can be transferred using the TRC20 (Tron chain) when transferring, with low transaction costs, so if you often want to turn the stable currency around on different exchanges, the use of USDT would be one of the most appropriate ways.
如果担忧监管不透明,也可以选用USDC作为使用稳定币的选项; 如果使用 Crypto 交易所,入金时也可以直接透过美金获得 1:1 的 USDC。
In case of concern about non-transparent regulation, USDC can also be selected as an option for the use of a stable currency; if the Crypto Exchange is used, USDC can also be obtained directly from the dollar at the time of entry.
BUSD 是BA自己推出的稳定币,无论是刷卡或是银行电汇入金到币安,都可以获得 BUSD; 使用 BUSD 在BA交易时,也可以获得手续费减免等优惠; 不过由于监管因素的关系,现在币安也开始不太推行使用 BUSD 了。
BUSD is a steady currency introduced by BA itself, and BUSD can be obtained whether it is a card swipe or a bank wire transfer to money to currency security; concessions such as fee relief can also be obtained when using BUSD in BA transactions; but now currency security is less likely to use BUSD because of regulatory factors.
至于 DAI、TUSD,使用情境较为受限,大家只要知道这两种稳定币的存在就够了。
以上是四种常见稳定币的介绍与比较,提供给大家参考啰~有更多问题,也欢迎加入新手讨论区,一起交流!
「理论上来说」,法币储备的稳定币因为有足够的法币在银行账户内,所以跟美元的价值是一定可以锚定在 1:1,不至于崩盘的。
但尽管如此,稳定币脱钩的事件还是三不五时会发生,主要是偶尔就会出现市场恐慌抛售(只要抛售的量足够多,自然就会被卖下去,但往往也会很快恢复1美元的价格)。
, but nonetheless, the stabilization of currency decoupling occurs at intervals, mainly as a result of occasional market panics (as long as there is enough to sell, it will naturally be sold, but the price of $1 will often be restored quickly).
再来就是一些极端事件,例如美国政府要查稳定币、储备被传出不实或担保不足、放法币储备的银行可能倒闭等等。
is followed by extreme events, such as the United States Government's search for currency stability, false transfer of reserves or insufficient guarantees, the possible closure of banks with French reserves, etc. .
上面说的是法币储备稳定币的状况,但算法稳定币就真的发生或崩盘,就是有名的 LUNA/UST 事件。
UST 是通过LUNA作为担保品发行的稳定币,所以LUNA跟UST某种程度上算是互相依存的关系; 在过去LUNA由于币价短时间大幅下跌,所以连带的让UST担保不足引发抛售,最终进入死亡螺旋,UST也因此崩盘,是最有名的稳定币崩盘事件。 UST is a stable currency issued through LUNA as collateral, so LUNA and UST are somewhat interdependent; in the past LUNA, due to a sharp fall in currency prices, the collateral shortage that led to the sale of the UST, ended up in a death spiral, and the UST crashed and was the most famous stable currency crash.
最后做一个总结,关于稳定币你只需要知道这些知识就够了。
稳定币是指跟美元 1:1 挂勾的加密货币,基本上「1 枚稳定币=1 美元」。
Stabilized currency means an encrypted currency tied to the dollar at 1:1 and basically "1 Strate = $1".
通常是透过法币储备、加密货币储备、算法来达成。
第一名为 USDT,接下来为 USDC、DAI、BUSD、TUSD...
但基本上只要知道 USDT 和 USDC 就足够了。
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