区块链是比特币和数以千计的加密货币背后的核心技术，具有超越数字货币的巨大潜力。
Block chains are the core technology behind Bitcoin and thousands of encrypted currencies and have great potential to go beyond digital currencies.
区块链技术可能是 21 世纪最热门的创新之一。为支持比特币而开发的区块链现在为数以千计的加密货币提供动力，开发人员正致力于将该技术整合到企业中，包括医药、艺术和金融。
Block chain technology is probably one of the most popular innovations of the twenty-first century. Block chains developed in support of Bitcoin now power thousands of encrypted currencies, and developers are working to integrate that technology into businesses, including medicine, art, and finance.
要了解日益增长的兴趣，了解区块链的工作原理、为什么它具有价值以及它与其他互联网技术的不同之处可能会有所帮助。
It may be useful to learn about the growing interest, the working principles of the block chain, why it has value and how it differs from other Internet technologies.
区块链：定义
Block chains: definition
区块链是由计算机网络维护的交易数字分类账，其方式很难被黑客入侵或更改。该技术为个人之间直接交易提供了一种安全的方式，无需政府、银行或其他第三方等中介。
The block chain is a transactional digital ledger maintained by a computer network in a manner that is difficult to hack or alter. The technology provides a safe way for direct transactions between individuals, without the need for intermediaries such as governments, banks or other third parties.
不断增长的记录列表（称为块）使用密码学链接在一起。每笔交易都由点对点计算机网络独立验证、加盖时间戳并添加到不断增长的数据链中。数据一经记录，不可更改。
A growing list of records (known as blocks) is linked by cryptography. Each transaction is independently validated by a point-to-point computer network, time stamped and added to a growing data chain.
随着比特币、以太坊和其他加密货币的日益普及，区块链技术在法律合同、房地产销售、医疗记录和任何其他需要授权和记录一系列行为或交易的行业中有着广阔的应用前景。
With the increasing spread of Bitcoin, Etheria and other encrypted currencies, block chain technology has broad application prospects in legal contracts, real estate sales, medical records and any other industry that requires authorization and recording of a range of acts or transactions.
工作原理：区块链解释
Rationale: block chain explanation
以比特币系统为例，以下是区块链（也称为分布式账本技术）的工作原理：
In the case of the Bitcoin system, the following is the working principle of the block chain (also known as distributed booking technology):
比特币的购买和销售被输入并传输到一个强大的计算机网络，称为节点。
Bitcoin purchases and sales are entered and transferred to a powerful computer network called nodes.
这个由全球数千个节点组成的网络竞相使用计算机算法确认交易。这被称为比特币挖矿。第一个成功完成新区块的矿工因其工作而获得比特币奖励。这些奖励是通过新铸造的比特币和网络费用的组合支付的，这些费用会转嫁给买卖双方。费用可以根据交易量上升或下降。
This network of thousands of nodes around the world competes to use computer algorithms to confirm transactions. This is called bitcoin mining. The first miner who successfully completes a new block gets a bitcoin reward for his work. These incentives are paid through a combination of newly forged bitcoins and network costs, which are passed on to buyers and sellers.
购买经过加密确认后，销售将添加到分布式账本上的一个区块中。大多数网络必须随后确认销售。
After the purchase is encrypted, the sale is added to a block on the distribution book. Most networks must then confirm the sale.
该块使用称为哈希的加密指纹永久链接到所有先前的比特币交易块，并处理销售。
The block is permanently linked to all previous bitcoin trading blocks using encrypted fingerprints known as Hashi and deals with sales.
区块链技术的概念最早出现在 1982 年的学术论文中，在一篇讨论“设计一个可以被相互怀疑的团体建立、维护和信任的分布式计算机系统”的论文中。但 2008 年化名中本聪 (Satoshi Nakamoto) 的一篇题为“比特币：一种点对点电子现金系统”(Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System) 的论文将学术理论带入了现实世界
The concept of block chain technology first appeared in a 1982 academic paper, in a paper on “Designing a distributed computer system that can be built, maintained and trusted by a suspect group.” But a 2008 paper entitled Satosh Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: a point-to-point electronic cash system” (Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System) brought academic theory into the real world.
区块链技术：利弊
Block chain technology: pros and cons
以比特币为例，以下是区块链技术应用于加密货币时的一些优缺点：
In the case of bitcoin, the following are some of the advantages and disadvantages of block chain technology when applied to encrypted currency:
优点
Advantages
权力下放
Decentralization
虽然美元由美联储发行，但没有政府机构发行或控制比特币和其他加密货币。这也意味着消除了任何一个政府或机构决定公共区块链命运的能力。中间人的缺乏降低了成本，因为与第三方交易相关的费用也被消除了。区块链如何运作的另一个副产品是时间效率——区块链一年 365 天、一天 24 小时营业，这与银行和其他中介机构不同。
Although the US dollar is issued by the Fed, no government agency issues or controls Bitcoin and other encrypted currencies. This also means eliminating the ability of any government or agency to determine the fate of the public block chain.
透明加匿名
Transparent and anonymous
比特币区块链上的所有交易都记录在网络上的计算机上。交易是完全透明的，因为持有加密货币的比特币钱包的地址和交易历史是公开可见的，但连接到这些公共地址的每个钱包的所有者都是匿名的，不会被记录。
All transactions on the Bitcoin block chain are recorded on the computer on the network. The transaction is completely transparent, because the address and history of the Bitcoins wallets with encrypted currency are publicly visible, but the owners of each wallet connected to these public addresses are anonymous and will not be recorded.
准确性和安全性
Accuracy and security
由于交易涉及很少的人为交互，因此出错的风险较低。每笔交易都必须由大多数网络节点确认和记录，这使得操纵或更改信息变得非常困难。这也可以防止任何人多次花费比特币。
Every transaction must be identified and recorded by most network nodes, which makes it very difficult to manipulate or change information. This also prevents anyone from spending bitcoins on a number of occasions.
公共和私有区块链应用
Public and private block chain applications
区块链技术创造的效率可能远远超出数字货币。例如，比特币位于公共区块链网络上，这意味着任何人都可以加入。但是许多业务应用程序可以在私有区块链网络上创建，组织可以在其中控制谁加入：
For example, Bitcoin is located on a network of public blocks, which means that anyone can join. But many business applications can be created on a network of private blocks, in which the organization can control who joins:
区块链供应链：IBM Blockchain 等公司已经在提供使用区块链技术的私有网络解决方案，以更准确地跟踪产品供应链。例如，公司可以使用该技术快速找出召回食品的运输和销售地点。
Block chain supply chains: Companies such as IBM Blockchai are already providing private network solutions using block chain technology to track product supply chains more accurately. For example, companies can use this technology to quickly identify locations for food recall shipments and sales.
医疗保健记录：德勤咨询建议，用于电子医疗记录的全国区块链网络“可以提高效率并支持患者获得更好的健康结果。”
Health Care Records: Deloitte Advice, a national network of blocks for electronic medical records “can improve efficiency and support patients to achieve better health outcomes”.
智能合约：借助区块链技术，可以根据达到预定条件自动更改或更新合约条款。
Smart contract: With block chain technology, the terms of the contract can be automatically changed or updated on the basis of the fulfilment of the predefined conditions.
数字选举：一些开发人员正在致力于将区块链技术应用于选举。
Digital elections: Some developers are working to apply block chain technology to elections.
房地产交易：支持者表示区块链技术可以应用于广泛的资产销售，无论是房地产、汽车还是投资组合。
Real estate transactions: Supporters suggest that block chain technology can be applied to a wide range of asset sales, whether real estate, automobiles or investment portfolios.
? 准备好投资了吗？以下是我们精选的最佳比特币和加密货币交易所。
Are you ready to invest? The following is the best bitcoin and encrypted currency exchange we've ever chosen.
资金不足者的机会
Opportunities for underfunded people
在金融机构薄弱或腐败的国家和地区，基于区块链协议的加密货币允许绕过不道德的第三方转移和持有现金。
In countries and regions where financial institutions are weak or corrupt, encrypted currency based on block chain agreements allows for the transfer and holding of cash by third parties bypassing immorality.
缺点
Disadvantages
犯罪分子喜欢加密
Criminals like encryption.
像许多新技术一样，一些最早的采用者是犯罪企业。他们使用比特币等加密货币作为支付，因为它提供了隐私，并以比特币持有者为目标进行诈骗。例如，丝绸之路的消费者使用比特币，丝绸之路是一个用于非法毒品和其他非法服务的黑市在线购物网络，于 2013 年被 FBI 关闭。在最近对 Colonial Pipeline 的勒索软件攻击中，该公司支付了 440 万美元加密货币以解锁其计算机系统。
Like many new technologies, some of the earliest adopters were criminal businesses. They used encrypted currency, such as Bitcoin, as payment, because it provided privacy and was targeted for fraud by Bitcoin holders. For example, the Silk Road consumers used Bitcoin, a black market online shopping network for illicit drugs and other illegal services, which was shut down by the FBI in 2013.
与此同时，比特币投资骗局与其最近的历史性上涨同步飙升。美国联邦贸易委员会报告称，从 2020 年 10 月到 2021 年 3 月，有近 7,000 人因宣传快速回报的计划而损失了 8,000 万美元，报告的损失同比增加了近 1,000%。
At the same time, the Bitcoin investment scam has risen in step with its recent historical rise. The United States Federal Trade Commission reports that, from October 2020 to March 2021, nearly 7,000 people lost $80 million as a result of the promotion of rapid return schemes, with the reported losses increasing by nearly 1,000 per cent over the same period.
区块链加密货币非常不稳定
The block chain encrypts the currency very unstable.
有人想知道，“区块链是一项好的投资吗？” 这取决于您的投资目标和风险承受能力。加密货币在 2021 年大受欢迎，因为比特币在 4 月份创下了近 65,000 美元的创纪录现货价格。但由于其固有的波动性，比特币的价格在 6 月初下跌了近 50%，然后又开始上涨。
Some would like to know, "Is the block chain a good investment?," depending on your investment objectives and risk tolerance. Encrypted currency was popular in 2021, because Bitcoin created a record spot price of nearly $65,000 in April.
加密使用仍然是利基市场
Encryption is still a niche market.
现在有更多的交易所、经纪公司和支付应用程序出售比特币，许多公司，如 PayPal 和微软，都接受比特币支付。尽管如此，使用比特币等区块链货币进行购买仍然是例外，而不是规则。此外，在 PayPal 等现金应用程序上出售比特币需要用户为出售的比特币支付资本利得税，超出对产品或服务支付的州和地方税。
There are now more exchanges, brokerage companies, and payment applications selling bitcoins, and many companies, such as PayPal and Microsoft, accept bitcoin payments. Nevertheless, the use of block currencies such as bitcoins for purchases remains the exception rather than the rule. Moreover, selling bitcoins on cash applications such as PayPal requires the user to pay a capital gain tax for selling bitcoins, which exceeds state and local taxes on products or services.
比特币挖矿需要能源
Bitcoin needs energy to dig.
比特币挖掘过程使用消耗大量能量的高速计算机网络。根据剑桥大学电力消费指数，如果比特币系统是一个国家，它将成为第 34 大电力消费国，仅次于荷兰，领先于菲律宾。特斯拉首席执行官埃隆马斯克于 2021 年 5 月宣布，在加密货币找到减少碳足迹的方法之前，该汽车制造商将不再接受比特币。其他区块链的开发人员提出了能源密集程度较低的选择。
According to the Cambridge University Electricity Consumption Index, the Bitcoin system would be the 34th largest consumer of electricity, after the Netherlands, leading the Philippines. Tesla’s Chief Executive, Eronmask, announced in May 2021 that the car manufacturer would not accept Bitcoin until the encrypting currency had found a way to reduce its carbon footprint. The developers of other block chains offered less energy-intensive options.
比特币区块链很慢
Bitcoin block chains are slow.
比特币区块链每秒可以处理大约七笔新交易。据该公司称，相比之下，信用卡巨头 Visa 表示它每秒可以处理 24,000 笔交易。这给比特币系统带来了可扩展性问题。其他形式的基于区块链的加密货币正在解决这个问题。备受期待的以太坊系统升级，称为以太坊 2.0，预计每秒可处理 10,000 笔交易，高于目前的每秒 30 笔交易。
The Bitcoin block chain can handle about seven new transactions per second. By contrast, according to the company, the credit card giant Visa indicates that it can handle 24,000 transactions per second. This poses an expansionary problem for the bitcoin system. Other forms of block-based encrypted currency are solving the problem. The expected Etheria upgrade, known as Ether 2.0, is expected to handle 10,000 transactions per second, which is higher than the current 30 transactions per second.
? 了解更多：如何购买以太坊
♪ Know more: How to buy Ether
区块链技术的未来
Future of block chain technology
虽然比特币系统是区块链技术最著名的应用，但有数以千计的加密货币建立在这种新兴技术的基础上。虽然比特币能否成功取代其他形式的传统支付方式还有待观察，但区块链技术的应用正在快速增长，支持者表示它们可能会导致跨行业的巨大变化。
While the Bitcoin system is the most well-known application of block chain technology, thousands of encrypted currencies are based on this emerging technology. While it remains to be seen whether Bitcoin can successfully replace other forms of traditional payment, the application of block chain technology is growing rapidly, and supporters suggest that it could lead to significant changes across industries.
学习币圈知识+返回搜狐，查看更多
责任编辑：
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论