PPI是什麼│12月13日,美國公佈11月PPI報告,數據遠低市場預期,創下三年來最大降幅,外界普遍認為通脹將進一步走跌。PPI是什麼?對整體經濟、CPI通脹與金融市場有何影響?
On December 13, the U.S. released its November PPI report, which shows that the largest drop in the next three years is far below the market forecast, and that it is widely believed to be a step down. What is the PPI? What is the impact on the economy as a whole, on CPI connectivity, and on the financial market?
Table of Contents
公佈日期 | 時間 | 公佈值 | 預測 | 前值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
2024年1月12日 (12月) | 21:30 | 待定 | 待定 | 待定 |
2024年2月16日 (1月) | 21:30 | 待定 | 待定 | 待定 |
2024年3月14日 (2月) | 20:30 | 待定 | 待定 | 待定 |
2024年4月11日 (3月) | 20:30 | 待定 | 待定 | 待定 |
2024年5月14日 (4月) | 20:30 | 待定 | 待定 | 待定 |
2024年6月13日 (5月) | 20:30 | 待定 | 待定 | 待定 |
2024年7月12日 (6月) | 20:30 | 待定 | 待定 | 待定 |
2024年8月13日 (7月) | 20:30 | 待定 | 待定 | 待定 |
2024年9月12日 (8月) | 20:30 | 待定 | 待定 | 待定 |
2024年10月11日 (9月) | 20:30 | 待定 | 待定 | 待定 |
2024年11月14日 (10月) | 21:30 | 待定 | 待定 | 待定 |
2024年12月12日 (11月) | 21:30 | 待定 | 待定 | 待定 |
公佈日期 | 時間 | 公佈值 | 預測 | 前值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
2023年12月13日 (11月) | 21:30 | 0.9% | 1.0% | 1.2% |
2023年11月15日 (10月) | 21:30 | 1.3% | 1.9% | 2.2% |
2023年10月11日 (9月) | 20:30 | 2.2% | 1.6% | 2.0% |
2023年9月14日 (8月) | 20:30 | 1.6% | 1.2% | 0.8% |
2023年8月11日 (7月) | 20:30 | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.2% |
2023年7月13日 (6月) | 20:30 | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.9% |
2023年6月14日 (5月) | 20:30 | 1.1% | 1.5% | 2.3% |
2023年5月11日 (4月) | 20:30 | 2.3% | 2.4% | 2.7% |
2023年4月13日 (3月) | 20:30 | 2.7% | 3.0% | 4.9% |
2023年3月15日 (2月) | 20:30 | 4.6% | 5.4% | 5.7% |
2023年2月16日 (1月) | 21:30 | 6.0% | 5.4% | 6.5% |
2023年1月18日 (12月) | 21:30 | 6.2% | 6.8% | 7.3% |
2022年12月9日 (11月) | 21:30 | 7.4% | 7.2% | 8.1% |
2022年11月9日 (11月) | 21:30 | 8.0% | 8.3% | 8.4% |
美國勞工部公布,11月美國生產者價格指數(PPI)按月持平,低於市場預期的0.1%上升,且10月修訂為下降0.4%。商品和服務價格維持不變,未經季節調整的PPI年率從10月的1.2%下調至0.9%,為自6月以來最低水平。
The U.S. Department of Labor announced that in November, the U.S. producer price index (PPI) was flat on a monthly basis, rising by less than 0.1 per cent of the market forecast, and that the October revision had fallen by 0.4 per cent, while the price of goods and services remained unchanged, with the annual rate of unseasonly adjusted PPI being reduced from 1.2 per cent in October to 0.9 per cent, the lowest level since June.
美國核心PPI(不包括能源和食品)同期上漲2%,較上期2.3%的漲幅放緩,低於市場預期的2.2%。這是自2021年1月以來最慢的增幅,與聯儲局進取的緊縮周期保持一致。核心PPI按月保持持平,不符合市場預期的0.2%增幅。
The US Core PPI (excluding energy and food) has risen by 2% over the same period, slowing down the previous 2.3% increase, down from 2.2% of the market forecast, the slowest increase since January 2021, consistent with the Federal Reserve’s constriction cycle. The Core PPI has remained at a monthly level, not in line with the expected 0.2% increase in the market.
觀察報告細項,能源價格的下跌再次成為PPI放緩的主要原因,而食品和服務業價格則略有上升。最終需求商品指數保持持平,其中最終需求食品價格上漲0.6%,抵消最終需求能源指數1.2%的下降。
Detailed observations suggest that the decline in energy prices has again become the main reason for the slowdown in PPI, while food and service prices have risen slightly. The final demand for commodities index has remained at the same level, with the final demand for food rising by 0.6%, offsetting a 1.2% decline in the final demand for energy index.
由於能源成本下降,11月份生產者物價指數增速放緩,顯示在聯準會連番升息的情境下,通膨壓力持續減弱。這也影響了Fed的政策方向,市場普遍認為升息周期已經結束,未來可能迎來降息。
As a result of the decline in energy costs, producers’ price increases slowed down in November, indicating that inflationary pressures continued to weaken in the context of the successive rises in the Union. This also affected Fed’s policy direction, and the market generally believed that the interest cycle was over and could be reduced in the future.
市場分析指出,決策者面臨的關鍵問題不在於何時降息,而在於為何降息。經濟學家的調查顯示,近四分之三的經濟學家認為降息將是為應對通膨降溫,而28%的經濟學家認為降息將是因為經濟衰退的開始。 Fed將於稍晚公布最新利率決策,市場普遍預期利率將按兵不動,並自明年開始大幅降息。
Market analysis suggests that the key issue facing policymakers is not when, but why. Surveys by economists show that nearly three-quarters of economists believe that interest cuts will be in response to inflation, while 28% believe that they will be due to the onset of the recession.
PPI,全稱 Producer Price Index,中譯「生產者物價指數」,特區政府又將PPI譯作「生產者價格指數」,是衡量一國的生產商在生產過程中投入成本的平均變化指數。更具體來說,PPI是生產者三個漸進階段的物價資訊:原料、半成品、成品。
PPI, fully known as Producer Price Index, which translates PPI as 國民經濟核算 National Economic Accounting 每個國家/地區的PPI內容不盡相同。本文簡單列舉香港、大陸、美國的PPI,這些內容都會形塑PPI,PPI則會影響CPI,兩個數據都會影響股市。如果有做港股、A股、美股的投資人,也可以稍微注意。 Each country/region has different PPI content. This is a simple listing of Hong Kong, mainland, and United States PPI, which shapes the PPI and the PPI influences the CPI, and both data affect the stock market. 由於香港是一座港口型城市,腹地極小,產業導向以服務業為主,製造工業不論是區域、生產規模、種類、產量都非常有限,且騰飛年代的香港製造商幾乎外移到大陸或東南亞,特區政府因此將PPI分成兩種: Since Hong Kong is a port-type city with a very small hinterland, with a service-oriented industry with very limited production in areas, production patterns, types and volumes, Hong Kong producers in the Flying Age moved almost to the mainland or South-East Asia, the government has divided the PPI into two categories: 香港PPI每季發佈一次,落在3、6、9、12月的中旬,公佈在政府統計處。 Hong Kong PPI is released once a season in mid-March, June, September and December at . 中國大陸作為世界工廠,因此大陸PPI在全球地位更顯突出。一旦陸企或在陸工廠的生產成本提高,直接反映到出廠價,導致別國/地區的經銷商進口成本也會大幅上漲,消費者就會直接感受物價上漲,日用品幾乎來自大陸的香港也無法自身事外。 China’s mainland is a world factory, so the continent’s PPI is even more prominent worldwide. Once the production costs of land companies or factories are higher, they are reflected directly in the prices of the plants, leading to significant increases in the import costs of other countries’/area’s distributors, consumers will feel the prices rise directly, and daily supplies will come almost from Hong Kong on the mainland. 大陸PPI調查下列9大類商品,僅包含工業生產者的價格指數,品類以能源和化工佔比最大,與大陸的各種大型基建相關。 The following nine major types of commodities were investigated by PPI on the mainland, which included only price indices for industrial producers, with the largest share of energy and chemicals, related to large infrastructure on the continent. 大陸PPI每月發佈一次,落在每月中旬,公佈在國家統計局。 The mainland PPI is released once a month, in mid-month, at . 美國PPI涵蓋全美至少1萬種原料、成品、半成品,產品落在下列16種類: The United States PPI covers at least 10,000 raw materials, finished products and semi-finished products in the United States, which fall into the following 16 categories: 燃油類、金屬類、非金屬類、化工類、機械類、加工食品與飼料類、運輸器材類、農產品類、木漿與紙類、天然橡膠與塑膠類、木料與木材類、家具與家用品類、紡織與服飾類、皮革類、雜類。 Fuels, metal, non-metals, chemicals, machinery, processed foods and materials, transport equipment, agricultural products, wood and paper, natural rubber and plastics, wood and wood, furniture and household goods, knitting and apparel, leather, miscellaneous . 為了有效區分產品,美國勞工局將PPI分成三大類: To effectively divide products, the US Labour Office divides the PPI into three main categories: 與大陸PPI不同,美國PPI涵蓋所有生產業,而美國的農業、工業、服務業、建築業、服務業就佔PPI的75%,當中以服務業佔比最大,而在產品類別中以運輸器材佔比最大。 Unlike PPI in the mainland, the US PPI covers all industries, while agriculture, industry, services, construction, and services account for 75 per cent of the PPI, with the largest share in the service sector and the largest in the product category. 在上述產業與分類中,最常被美股投資者查詢的是原物料、製造業、運輸業、倉儲業,這些產業深刻影響股價變動。 Among these industries and subcategories, the most frequently consulted by United States investors are raw materials, manufacturing, transport, storage, which have a profound impact on stock price movements. 美國PPI每月發佈一次,落在每月中旬,公佈在美國勞工局。 The US PPI is published once a month, in mid-month, at . 將容易受到季節、供需、突發性事件影響的食物與能源剔除後,即是核心PPI (Core PPI)。核心PPI能更加準確衡量企業生產的成本,受到美國首席經濟學家們的普遍關注。 The core PPI is a more accurate measure of the cost of business production, and is a common concern of leading economicists in the United States. 下圖是PPI(藍線)與核心PPI(紅線)的走勢圖,從圖表可知,核心PPI的波動比PPI來得更小。 The following is a map of the PPI (Blue Line) and the core PPI (Red Line), which, as can be seen from the graph, has a much smaller wave than the PPI. PPI和CPI同樣作為觀察通貨膨脹的重要數據,關聯密切。 PPI and CPI are also closely linked as important data to observe inflation. 在一般情況而言,PPI和CPI不僅計算方法相同,也有一定重合性,這是由於PPI的傳導性:上游產品到了下游,價格勢必會提升。 As a general rule, PPI and CPI are not only the same calculations, but also have a certain degree of convergence, as a result of the PPI's guidance: upstream products go downstream and prices are bound to rise. 然而,兩者卻並不是嚴格的成正比對應關係,有時PPI和CPI情況可能不一致,甚至是相反,或是長期背離狀態,這種情況稱之為「剪刀差」。發生剪刀差的原因如下: However, the relationship between the two is not strictly positive, and the situation between the PPI and the CPI may sometimes be inconsistent, if not inconsistent, or long-term backsliding , which is called 如果PPI維持良性上漲,則能在一定程度上反映經濟活躍,比如現在處於後疫情時代,生產需求增加,帶動企業好轉,PPI上漲屬於良性。 If the PPI continues to rise favourably, it may reflect some economic activity, for example, in the post-epidemiology era, where demand for production has increased, leading to good business, and where the PPI has risen. 如果PPI是惡性上漲,受到原材料價格、貨幣、供需等原因影響,對整體經濟則利大於弊,下游企業勢必受到PPI上漲導致獲利減少,消費者也會蒙受物價上漲之殃。 If the PPI is a malignant upturn, influenced by raw material prices, currency, supply and demand, it will be more beneficial to the economy as a whole and less profitable for downstream firms as a result of the increase in the PPI, as well as higher prices for consumers. 【秒投美股】 [sec]? about interest increase/interest increase: 想買賣美股、收吓股息,記得留意證券平台安全性及手續費,慳返唔少投資成本!IB盈透證券是全球排名第一的券商,買賣美股,外匯兌換點差少,手續費便宜,交易佣金低至0.08%,買收息產品,更免收代收股息費,更可投資包括港股、美股、ETF、債券、基金、指數、CFD等等金融產品,是不少投資者首選證券商。現時*IB開戶可以獲高達$2600迎新優惠。 If you want to buy or sell US shares and threaten dividends, keep in mind the security and overhead of the certificate platform. The IB overflow certificate is the world's number-first-ranker, buying and selling US shares, selling US shares with few foreign exchange points, offering cheap fees, trading commissions as low as 0.08 per cent, buying interest-collected products , and free of dividends , and more likely to include Hong Kong stock, US shares, ETF, bonds, funds, indicators, CFD, etc., as well as other financial products. * < /a > > PPI,全稱 Producer Price Index,中譯「生產者物價指數」,特區政府又將PPI譯作「生產者價格指數」,是衡量一國的生產商在生產過程中投入成本的平均變化指數。更具體來說,PPI是生產者三個漸進階段的物價資訊:原料、半成品、成品,詳情點此 PPI, known as Producer Price Index, which translates the "Producer Price Index" and the territorial government translates the PPI into "`Strong' Producer Price Index . PPI對股市的影響其實相較CPI更為直觀,PPI直接反映企業的成本與利潤水平,也揭示企業未來的盈利能力,這會影響投資者對企業的營利預期,從而影響股市漲跌,詳情點此 PPI has a more direct impact on the stock market than the CPI. PPI directly reflects the cost and profitability of the enterprise and reveals the future profitability of the enterprise, which affects the investor's future interest prospects for the enterprise and from the stock market up and down /mark>.
是一個國家衡量將國民經濟運行和行業通過系統性的量化數據報告,包含生產、分配、交換、消費等經濟行為。
國家發布的《中國國民經濟核算》自1992年導入市場經濟的SNA系統,報告地區範圍僅含括中國內地,授予港澳特區自行發布權。同CPI和PPI,特區政府的政府統計處每季發布市民的經濟核算,發表在政府網站。
項目 PPI CPI 中文 生產者物價指數 消費者物價指數 意義 反應生產者的生產成本 反應消費者的消費成本 漲跌意義 PPI上漲:生產者成本上漲
PPI下跌:生產者成本下跌CPI上漲:物價上漲,消費者購買力下降
CPI下跌:物價下跌,消費者購買力提高作用 ●各國/地區PPI為CPI先行指標
●PPI上漲,代表可能發生通脹
●PPI下跌,代表可能發生通縮●各國/地區CPI公佈時間早於利率決策
●CPI上漲,代表可能發生通脹
●CPI下跌,代表可能發生通縮
-企業無法有效消化提高的成本,利潤恐減少,甚至虧損。
-PPI惡性上漲,政府可能出手調整原物料價格,或是直接徵收原物料。
-企業成本下跌,利潤增加,經濟可能進入下一階段的擴張期。
-PPI明明下跌,CPI卻惡意上漲,政府可能直接打擊囤抬價的民間賣家。
-當PPI下跌,代表企業生產成本下跌,將有助於企業的利潤向好,對股市有正面影響。
-當PPI上漲,代表企業生產成本上漲,企業利潤下跌,對股市是負面影響。
因此,PPI對股市的影響其實相較CPI更為直觀,PPI直接反映企業的成本與利潤水平,也揭示企業未來的盈利能力,這會影響投資者對企業的營利預期,從而影響股市漲跌。
在美股市場中,PPI高出預期的話,則會大幅影響工業類股、科技類股與道瓊指數和納斯達克指數。
在A股市場中,PPI影響更加明顯,因為有80% A股企業屬於製造業。
-當PPI下跌或者低於預期,代表通縮,代表美元走跌或處於弱勢。
-當PPI上漲或者高於預期,代表通脹,代表美元走強或處於強勢。
?關於加息/升息:美國加息時間表2024?│?香港是否隨美調息?│?CPI指數是什麼?│?PPI是什麼?如何影響通脹?
?關於減息/降息:美國減息時間表2024?│?減息是甚麼?減息影響?│?減息買咩好?│?美國降息歷史?│?降準vs降息
?近期美股數據 金價走勢2024 │ 美國非農就業數據+失業率2024
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