(网经社讯)本文从区块链实际应用的五个场景为区块链从业者和用户传递行业信息，让读者能够多层面、多维度去了解区块链这个行业，从而作出自己正确的判断。
区块链（Blockchain）是一种将数据区块有序连接，并以密码学方式保证其不可篡改、不可伪造的分布式账本（数据库）技术。通俗的说，区块链技术可以在无需第三方背书情况下实现系统中所有数据信息的公开透明、不可篡改、不可伪造、可追溯。区块链作为一种底层协议或技术方案可以有效地解决信任问题，实现价值的自由传递，在数字货币、金融资产的交易结算、数字政务、存证防伪数据服务等领域具有广阔前景。
Block chain (Blockchain) is a technology that provides an orderly connection of blocks with cryptography to ensure their immutable, non-forgerable distributional (database) books. It is common to say that block chain technology can make all data information in the system publicly transparent, indestructible, immutable and traceable without third-party endorsement. The block chain, as a bottom-level agreement or technical programme, effectively resolves trust issues and achieves the free transmission of value, in areas such as digital currency, .
数字货币
digital currency
在经历了实物、贵金属、纸钞等形态之后，数字货币已经成为数字经济时代的发展方向。相比实体货币，数字货币具有易携带存储、低流通成本、使用便利、易于防伪和管理、打破地域限制，能更好整合等特点。
After experiencing physical, precious metals, banknotes, etc., digital money has become the norm in the digital economy. Digital money has the characteristics of portable storage, low circulation costs, ease of use, ease of forgery and management, breaking geographical limits, and better integration than real currencies.
比特币技术上实现了无需第三方中转或仲裁，交易双方可以直接相互转账的电子现金系统。2019年6月互联网巨头Facebook也发布了其加密货币天秤币（Libra）白皮书。无论是比特币还是Libra其依托的底层技术正是区块链技术。
Bitcoin has technically achieved an electronic cash system that allows both parties to transfer directly to each other without third-party transit or arbitration. In June 2019, the Internet giant Facebook released its encrypted currency scale currency (Libra) white paper .
我国早在2014年就开始了央行数字货币的研制。我国的数字货币DC/EP采取双层运营体系：央行不直接向社会公众发放数字货币，而是由央行把数字货币兑付给各个商业银行或其他合法运营机构，再由这些机构兑换给社会公众供其使用。2019年8月初，央行召开下半年工作电视会议，会议要求加快推进国家法定数字货币研发步伐。
Our country began the development of a central bank digital currency as early as 2014. Our digital currency DC/EP operates on a two-tier basis: instead of issuing digital money directly to the public, the central bank paid digital money to commercial banks or other legal operators , which then converted them to the public for their use. In early August 2019, the central bank convened a working video conference for the second half of the year, which called for an acceleration of the pace of development of the national legal digital currency.
金融资产交易结算
支付结算方面，在区块链分布式账本体系下，市场多个参与者共同维护并实时同步一份“总账”，短短几分钟内就可以完成现在两三天才能完成的支付、清算、结算任务，降低了跨行跨境交易的复杂性和成本。同时，区块链的底层加密技术保证了参与者无法篡改账本，确保交易记录透明安全，监管部门方便地追踪链上交易，快速定位高风险资金流向。证券发行交易方面，传统股票发行流程长、成本高、环节复杂，区块链技术能够弱化承销机构作用，帮助各方建立快速准确的信息交互共享通道，发行人通过智能合约自行办理发行，监管部门统一审查核对，投资者也可以绕过中介机构进行直接操作。
settlements where multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a “general account” in real time under the block chain distribution home system, and in just a few minutes will be able to complete the payment, liquidation, settlement tasks that will reduce the complexity and cost of cross-border transactions that are now two or three days away. At the same time, bottom-level encryption techniques in the block chain will ensure that participants will not be able to tamper with the books, ensure transparent recording of transactions, facilitate the tracking of transactions on the chain by regulatory authorities, quickly locate high-risk risks 数字票据和供应链金融方面，区块链技术可以有效解决中小企业融资难问题。目前的供应链金融很难惠及产业链上游的中小企业，因为他们跟核心企业往往没有直接贸易往来，金融机构难以评估其信用资质。基于区块链技术，我们可以建立一种联盟链网络，涵盖核心企业、上下游供应商、金融机构等，核心企业发放应收账款凭证给其供应商，票据数字化上链后可在供应商之间流转，每一级供应商可凭数字票据证明实现对应额度的融资。 Digital paper and supply chain financial aspects where block-chain technologies can effectively address SME financing difficulties. Current supply chain finance is difficult to reach SMEs upstream of the industry chain because they often do not have direct trade with core firms and financial institutions are difficult to assess their creditworthiness. Based on block-chain technology, we can create a network of alliances that cover core firms, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc., where core firms issue receivables certificates to their suppliers, the instruments can move between suppliers after digitalization, and each level of suppliers can demonstrate on digital paper that matching amounts are being financed. 数字政务 存证防伪 区块链可以通过哈希时间戳证明某个文件或者数字内容在特定时间的存在，加之其公开、不可篡改、可溯源等特性为司法鉴证、身份证明、产权保护、防伪溯源等提供了完美解决方案。在知识产权领域，通过区块链技术的数字签名和链上存证可以对文字、图片、音频视频等进行确权，通过智能合约创建执行交易，让创作者重掌定价权，实时保全数据形成证据链，同时覆盖确权、交易和维权三大场景。在防伪溯源领域，通过供应链跟踪区块链技术可以被广泛应用于食品医药、农产品、酒类、奢侈品等各领域。 Block chains can prove the existence of a document or digital content at a given time through a Hash time stamp, coupled with their public, non-frozen, traceable features such as forensics, identification, property rights protection, anti-false traceability, etc., providing a perfect solution. In , digital signatures and chain documentation of block technologies can confirm text, pictures, audio-visuals, etc., the creation of transactions through smart contracts, the creation of real-time price-fixing data, and the creation of evidence chains by real-time preservation data, while covering authentication rights and 数据服务 大数据 The block chain technology will significantly optimize the existing big data application. The future Internet, artificial intelligence, blank. 11月23日，国内领先的数字经济服务商“浙江网经社信息科技公司”宣布成立“消费品电商供应链金融服务中心”，并发布消费品电商供应链金融解决方案，此举旨在破解消费品流通企业融资难题。 该解决方案依托网盛生意宝（002095.SZ）旗下由网经社运营的“网盛消费品电商供应链金融服务中心”，基于消费品流通和供应链企业为网店和实体店提供在线供应链金融服务。该方案通过给消费品供应链企业提供贷款额度，由供应链企业联合网盛供应链金融中心将额度切分给合格下游店家，店家获得银行贷款后用现金向企业采购货物。 优势表现为：一是无抵押、纯信用贷；二是一次授信、循环使用；三是按需提款、专款专用、按天计息、随借随还。并实现了链条上供应链企业、网店、银行以及运营方的“四方共赢”。（合作方案详见：http://www.100ec.cn/zt/wswjsxfpgyl/ ） 网店：充实资金、保障经营、助力发展； 供应链企业：账款变现、稳定客源、在线采购； 银行：批量获客、降低风险、降低成本； 网盛：增加盈利、提升黏性、风险可控。 具体服务包括：向平台企业基于网经社数字经济门户、自媒体&社群矩阵、媒公宝（3000人记者库）提供媒体传播业务为核心的品牌服务；向政府机构基于互联网行业内唯一一家国家发改委认定的“一带一路”TOP10影响力社会智库“网经社电子商务研究中心”提供研究资讯为核心的智库服务；向消费品供应链企业基于“网盛消费品电商供应链金融服务中心”提供供应链金融解决方案；向创业公司基于“电融宝”20000+投资者库提供FA服务。
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