钛媒体注：比特币之热度可以折射出全球的互联网金融之热。19日，比特币价格以接近翻番之势突破6000元人民币大关，让看客为之大呼“疯狂”。比特币自诞生以来反复经历巨幅波动，有关比特币的投资风也席卷至国内。然而，吹捧者有之，看空者有之，媒体上有关比特币的讨论让人眼花缭乱，要不要投资？要不要报以冷眼？比特币代表的互联网金融是否会是昙花一现的奇观？来看看钛媒体作者荆烽的分析，看能否为你拨开迷雾：
"Strong" titanium media note: bitcoin's heat can reflect the heat of Internet finance around the world. On 19th, Bitcoin prices nearly doubled, breaking the 6,000 yuan threshold, causing visitors to shout "crazy" for it. Bitcoin has experienced a lot of volatility since its birth, and the investment wind on bitcoin has spread to the country. But, for some, the discussion on bitcoin in the media is confusing. Do you want to invest?
前言
定义：何谓比特币？
所以，本文将比特币定义为：一种由开源的P2P（Peer to Peer，点对点）软件产生的虚拟货币（或称电子现金系统），它通过大量的计算产生，使用整个网络的分布式数据库来进行交易确认。由于它具有不依赖于任何发行机构，不需要任何流通机构和管理机构，并且交易快捷、无法伪造的特点，所以具有“去中心化”的明显特征。（建议您记住以上这段话，这就好像是中学政治课的考试，答题的时候只要把握住几个关键词就能拿分了。）
So this paper defines Bitcoin as a virtual currency (or e-cash system) generated by the open-source P2P (Peer to Peer, point-to-point) software, which is generated by a large number of calculations, using a distributed database of the entire network for transaction confirmation. Because it has no reliance on any issuer, no need for a circulation agency or a regulatory body, and no transaction is fast and unforgerable, it has a distinct “decentralized” feature. 简要总结比特币的三大特征：1.去中心化，将铸币权下放给个人，人人可以生产。2.总量一定，是通缩类货币。3.匿名／实时交易，且交易不可伪造。
A brief summary of the three main features of Bitcoin: 1. Decentralizes the casting of coins to individuals, so that they can be produced by everyone. 2. Totals are bound to be deflationary currencies. 3. Anonymous/real-time transactions, and transactions cannot be forged. 原理：天才的心思屌丝你别猜
: Genius' minds and dicks don't guess 比特币的发明者是一位化名为“中本聪”的计算机科学家（当时的论文在此）。最近刚好看到有八卦称这个“中本聪”的真身，应该是日本京都大学教授望月真一，这个家伙16岁进入普林斯顿大学，22岁拿到博士学位，他不是天才，就没几个人敢称是天才了。
Bitcoin was invented by a computer scientist called “Middle-Breathing” (at the time, ). Recently, there was a rumor that the true body of this “Middle-Breathing” should be Shinichi, a Japanese professor at Kyoto University, who entered Princeton at the age of 16 and received a doctorate at the age of 22. He was not a genius, and few people dared to call it a genius. 比特币的原理涉及密码学和分布式计算两个学科，铜爷碰巧在大学里读过这两门课。简单来说，就是所有在这个网络上（你可以通过下载比特币的客户端来加入这个网络）的人都需要运用大量的计算能力来解决复杂的数学难题（这里有密码学），然后通过与全网的所有其他节点的计算能力来验证（这里有分布式计算），解开不同的题目将获得相应的奖励，也就是比特币。
Bitcoin is based on two disciplines: cryptology and distributional computing, which the Copper Master happens to have studied at the university. Simply put, all people on this network (which you can join by downloading Bitcoin's clients) need to use a lot of computing skills to solve complex mathematical problems (where cryptography is available) and then to verify them with all the other nodes of the network (where there is distributed computing), the different topics will be rewarded, that is, Bitcoin. 1）挖矿。比特币诞生之初，只需要使用个人PC的CPU的运算能力，就能够计算出正确的答案，通过全网的认证来获取比特币。随着比特币这样一个极客游戏变身为金融投资的博傻游戏，有大量的个人和组织动用大笔投资和专业设备加入网络来“挖矿”，比如今年初的行情还是三十块显卡共同运算一到两个整天，就可以获取一个比特币。但现在有些人已经通过硬件厂商订制了大量的“矿机”，获取比特币的计算资源越耗越大。据铜爷了解，今年下半年，国内的爱好者已经基本上不会通过挖矿来产生比特币了，参与挖矿的都是国外的大机构了。
1) digs mines . When Bitcoin was born, only the ability of individual PC CPUs was needed to calculate the correct answer and to obtain Bitcoin by means of a web-wide certification. As a game such as Bitcoin becomes a financial investment game, large numbers of individuals and organizations use large investments and professional equipment to join the network to “demining” a mine, a bitcoin can be acquired one or two days from the beginning of today’s year or 30 cards together. 关于比特币的获取，你只需要知道，每个人用计算资源来算就可以，不需要依赖央行这样的货币发行机构。
All you need to know about 2）交易。那么比特币的交易如何进行呢？每一个比特币的用户拥有一个唯一的地址（有点像IP地址），就是个人的比特币“钱包”。每一笔交易，加入A支付给B一个比特币，就会在系统里公开发一条微博说：“我给了B一个比特币@B”，这些记录都会保持在系统每一个终端的证据链上。如果A想要反悔，篡改交易历史，必须将这个网络上的每一个终端上的记录都进行修改，前面说过这里拼的是计算能力，也就是说，如果A拥有的计算能力超过了系统所有节点拥有的计算能力之和，他才能篡改交易记录，但这是不现实的。因此，比特币的交易是无法篡改的。虽然每一个比特币的钱包有多少资产，做过哪些交易都是透明的，但你并不知道这个钱包背后的用户是谁，这就是比特币交易的匿名性。
2) transactions . So how does a bitcoin transaction proceed? Every bitcoin user has a single address (a little like an IP address), a personal bitcoin's wallet? Every transaction, adding A to a bitcoin to B, sends a tweet publicly into the system saying: “I gave B a bitcoin@B” and these records are kept in the chain of evidence at every end of the system. If A wants to repent, tampering with the history of the transaction, it is necessary to modify the records on each end of the network. 关于比特币的交易，除了匿名之外，你只需要知道，也是不需要依赖任何第三方机构的。而我们日常的交易买卖必须通过银行（第三方）来实现。
总之，笔者的建议是，如果你不是致力于从事计算机科学研究的学术牛人，就别花心思试图搞懂比特币背后的理论依据了，只要知道结论就行。
In short, my suggestion is that if you are not an academic cow dedicated to computer science, don't think about trying to understand the rationale behind Bitcoin, as long as you know the conclusions. 金融：通胀还是通缩，这是个问题
strange: inflation or deflation, which is a problem 随着越来越多的玩家投身其中，比特币也开始受到了经济学家们的注意。请允许我引用一段话：
As more players become involved, Bitcoin is beginning to get the attention of economists. Let me quote: 学界大佬们争论的事情，我们就不必参与了。那么关键是，比特币属于那一种呢？
We don't have to be involved in what the big intellectuals are arguing about. So the point is, what kind of bitcoin belongs to? 首先，从目前的情况看，比特币不断地被开采出来，货币供应总量处于上升的趋势，应该属于通胀货币的范畴。所谓通胀货币，就是以此来定价某个商品，价格是不断上升的。当然，这里要排除一个因素，那就是许多比特币的持有者开始对其有升值预期，捂货惜售导致的稀缺性。
First, according to the current situation, bitcoins are constantly being extracted, and the total supply of money is on the rise and should fall within the scope of an inflationary currency. That is how inflation currencies are priced for a commodity, and prices are rising. 但是，中本聪的设计就精妙在此，比特币的总量被控制在2100万个，并将于2140年达到这一上限。虽然我们的有生之年不会看到比特币达到上限总量，但比特币货币供应量的速度已经明显慢于社会总财富的增长速度。这样一来，我们可以很有信心地说：比特币是一种具备通缩倾向的货币。比特币经济体中，以比特币定价的商品价格将会持续下跌。
However, the design is perfect here, and the amount of Bitcoin is controlled at 21 million and will reach the cap in 2140. While we will not see bitcoin reaching the cap in life, bitcoin’s money supply is already significantly slower than the growth of total wealth in society. In this way, we can say with great confidence that ‘strong’bitcoin is a currency with deflationary tendencies 投资：荷兰郁金香，长春君子兰
消费：比特币何日替代现金？
人文：一场新秩序的社科实践
“凯恩斯学派的经济学家们认为政府应该积极调控货币总量，用货币政策的松紧来为经济适时的加油或者刹车。因此，他们认为比特币固定总量货币牺牲了可调控性，而且更糟糕的是将不可避免地导致通货紧缩，进而伤害整体经济。奥地利学派经济学家们的观点却截然相反，他们认为政府对货币的干预越少越好，货币总量的固定导致的通缩并没什么大不了的，甚至是社会进步的标志。”
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