1.区块链的工作原理
1. Rationale for the work of the block chain
区块链的工作原理是：假设A和B之间要发起一笔交易，A先发起一个请求——我要创建一个新的区块，这个区块就会被广播给网络里的所有用户，所有用户验证同意后该区块就被添加到主链上。这条链上拥有永久和透明可查的交易记录。全球一本账，每个人都可以查找。
The rationale behind the block chain is: assuming a transaction between A and B, A starts with a request — I want to create a new block, which will be broadcast to all users of the network, and the block will be added to the main chain when all users verify their consent. The chain has a permanent and transparent record of transactions. A global account, accessible to everyone.
区块链技术实际上是一个分布式数据库，在这个数据库中记账不是由个人或者某个中心化的主体来控制的，而是由所有节点共同维护、共同记账的。所有的单一节点都无法篡改它。
Block chain technology is, in fact, a distributed database in which bookkeeping is not controlled by an individual or a central subject, but by all nodes. All single nodes cannot be tampered with.
如果你想篡改一个记录，你需要同时控制整个网络超过51%的节点或计算力才可以，而区块链中的节点无限多且无时无刻都在增加新的节点，这基本上是不可能完成的事情，而且篡改的成本非常高，几乎任何人都承担不起。
If you want to tamper with a record, you need to control the entire network at the same time more than 51 per cent of nodes or calculators, and the limitless number of nodes in the block chain adds new nodes, which are essentially impossible to do and the costs of tampering are so high that almost no one can afford them.
2.区块链的特点
2. Characteristics of the block chain
区块链的特点主要有以下四个方面：
The chain of blocks is characterized by four main features:
1. 去中心化。在一个去中心化的金融体系中，没有中介机构，所有的节点的权利和义务都相等，任意节点停止工作都不会影响系统整体的运作。
1. Decentralization. Without an intermediary in a decentralized financial system, all nodes have equal rights and obligations, and any suspension of work at any point does not affect the overall functioning of the system.
2. 去信任。系统中所有的节点之间无需信任也可以进行交易，因为数据库和整个系统的运作是公开透明的，在系统的规则和时间范围内，节点之间无法欺骗彼此。
2. To trust. All nodes in the system can be traded without trust, because the database and the system as a whole operate in an open and transparent manner, and it is not possible to deceive each other between nodes within the rules and time frames of the system.
3. 集体维护。系统是由其中具有维护功能的所有节点共同维护的，系统中所有人共同参与维护工作。
3. Collective maintenance. The system is maintained jointly by all nodes with maintenance functions, with the participation of all members of the system.
4. 可靠的数据库。系统中每一个节点都拥有最新的完整数据库拷贝，修改单个节点的数据库是无效的，因为系统会自动比较，认为最多次出现的相同记录为真。
4. Reliable databases. Each node in the system has a complete and up-to-date copy of the database, and the modification of the database of a single node is invalid because the system automatically compares and considers the same records to be true for the most frequent occurrences.
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