区块链有没有未来，比特币是不是泡沫？马云说个人非常看好区块链，比特币也许是泡沫。
There's no future to the block chain, and bitcoin's no foam. Mavin says he looks very well at the block chain, and bitcoin's probably a bubble.
但实际上，区块链的底层技术是基于共识的分布式密码学账本，本身也许并不算是一项新的技术，是密码学，共识机制，P2P网络组合的一项共享数据库技术。所记下的数据是各节点所认可的客观事实，这就确保了区块链上的数据高度一致、不可篡改和彻底透明。
In practice, however, the bottom-of-block chain technology, which is based on a consensus distributed cryptography book, may not be a new technology in itself; it is cryptology, a consensus mechanism, a shared database technology for the P2P network. The data recorded are objective facts recognized by the nodes, which ensures that the data on the block chain are highly consistent, non-distorted and fully transparent.
在大规模协作下，如果没有资金的流动，是无法精确激励每一个参与者进行价值贡献，就没有办法形成一个有生命力的新业态。
In large-scale collaboration, without the flow of funds, there is no precise incentive for each participant to make a valuable contribution, and there is no way to develop a dynamic new business.
对于数字货币的判断有好有坏，一定程度也是因为诸多“竞争币”忽悠的多了，很多纯粹是为了融资而已，也就是“割韭菜”。
The judgement on digital currency is mixed, in part because many “competing currencies” are much more frequent, many simply for financing purposes, i.e., “circumcision”.
那事实究竟如何？
So what's the truth?
在第51期虎嗅“大咖私房话”分享中，布比区块链联合创始人杨帆对比特币的底层逻辑，共识机制、价值所在以及区块链应用现状做了分析，干货满满。
The bottom logic of the Bubby block chain co-founder Yang Fan Bitcoin, the consensus mechanism, the value and the current status of the block chain application, was analysed and the goods were fully loaded in the course of the 51st "Big Cauldron" sharing.
想了解更详细的案例分享、全部图文，以及深入问答，欢迎扫描下方图片二维码加入 虎嗅精选 黑卡项目，解锁分享 内容全文 。
To learn more about case sharing, all graphics, and in-depth questions and answers, you are welcome to scan the image below two-dimensional code into the Black Card Sniffing Project, unlocking the full content of the sharing.
在真正了解区块链之前，首先要对区块链的基本认知有一个共识，有了共识之后才会明白区块链的应用应该怎样设计，以及会带来哪些价值和弊端。
Prior to a true understanding of the block chain, there is a common understanding of the basic understanding of the block chain before it becomes clear how the block chain should be applied and what the value and disadvantages are.
比特币到底有没有价值？
What's the value of Bitcoin?
比特币作为区块链的一个价值观代表，基本上在今天是属于整个区块链与币圈的图腾，它的涨跌幅会影响整个市场的信心。
Bitcoin, as a value representative of the block chain, is basically today a totem that belongs to the whole block chain and currency ring, and its up and downs affect the confidence of the market as a whole.
数字货币本身和美国诞生有一个共同的特点，就是它本来是不存在的，因为很多人信仰它，后来组建秩序。但是和比特币的区别在哪里？比特币是一个社区行为，是各国文化和开发者聚集的社区，通过互联网的体系建立秩序，本质是由共识群体赋能比特币价值的，因为很多人相信它是有价值的。
The digital currency itself and the birth of the United States share a common feature: it does not exist, because many believe in it and then form order. But what is the difference between Bitcoin and Bitcoin? Bitcoin is a community act, a community of cultures and developers of nations, that establishes order through the Internet system, in essence, by consensus groups giving Bitcoin value, because many believe it to be valuable.
同样，法币的价值共识，是因为有政府在背书，并对法币的价值产生认同，即群体共识赋予价值。
Similarly, the consensus on the value of the French currency is based on the endorsement by the Government and on the recognition of the value of the French currency, i.e. the value attributed by the consensus of the group.
有人提出“比特币是人类历史上第一次无政府背景创建的一个价值网络”，我不认同这句话，为什么？在人类历史上其实几万年前人类是没有政府概念的，但那时候是有信仰存在的，就是宗教，宗教是一个庞大的价值网络，有相同信仰的人就愿意去建立宗教的秩序。
I do not agree with the suggestion that “bitcoin is a network of values created for the first time in human history by an unincorporated background”, why was it that in human history, thousands of years ago, human beings did not have the concept of government, but there were beliefs at that time, that religion was a vast network of values and that people with the same faith were willing to establish a religious order?
比特币是不是泡沫？
Is Bitcoin a bubble?
我不太想定义一个结论。
I don't really want to define a conclusion.
其一，我看过“郁金香泡沫”的历史，郁金香整个生命周期是30年，如果我在当下那30年，我不太会去想它是不是泡沫，我更关心身在其中应该怎么做好资产配置。
First, I've seen the history of the Tulip Foam, which has a life cycle of 30 years, and if I was in the present 30 years, I wouldn't think much about whether it was a bubble or not, and I'm more concerned about how to make good asset allocation.
其二，如果生命周期是一百年，其实我们根本不需要去关注它是不是泡沫，而要更关注它能给这个社会带来什么。
Secondly, if the life cycle is a hundred years, we don't really have to worry about whether it's foam or not, but more about what it can bring to this society.
当然，我不是比特币的绝对信徒，比特币在增值，这是一个客观的事实。另外，资产有没有价值，并不在于它是虚拟的还是可看得见摸得着的，同样，文化也是资产，数字化时代，资产信用的载体和信用的介质换成了虚拟的代码和数字，而不是纸，其实我们的实体资产很早也被虚拟化了，被抽象成用纸和墨水来进行资产信用背书。
Of course, I am not an absolute fan of Bitcoin, and it's an objective fact that bitcoin is adding value. Moreover, the value of an asset does not lie in whether it is virtual or visible. Similarly, culture is an asset, a digital age in which the carrier of an asset credit and the medium of credit are converted into virtual codes and numbers, not paper. Our real assets are also virtualized a long time ago, and are abstractly used as paper and ink for asset credit endorsements.
总结来看：
In summary:
第一， 在无国家和政府驱动下，也是可以让某些群体、某种信仰，对某个物体产生价值认同，这就是共识群体的价值，并不局限于宗教、国家、企业、公司等。这就和以前的商票和银票一样，在商圈里建立信用。
First, it is also possible, driven by anarchy and government, to give certain groups, faiths, value identity to an object, that is, the value of the consensus group, which is not limited to religion, the state, business, companies, etc., which, like the previous ones, builds credit in the business world.
第二， 所谓虚拟资产和实体资产，传递信任的不一定是实体资产，今天很多的资产已经被虚拟化，它更多的是改革了一种信任传递载体和介质，并不意味虚拟就一定存在问题。
Secondly, the so-called virtual and physical assets, which are not necessarily physical assets that transmit trust, today many assets have been virtualized, more so by reforming a trust transfer vehicle and medium, which does not mean that virtuality is necessarily problematic.
随着科技的发展，虚拟消费逐渐成为人们生活的主流方式，包括游戏、电影，科技改变了承载信息的介质和生活方式，而并非要过度的强调虚拟还是实体。
As science and technology evolves, virtual consumption is becoming the dominant mode of people's lives, including games, films, and technology changes the medium and way of life that carry information, rather than placing excessive emphasis on virtuality or entity.
比特币的价值和理念是什么？
What's the value and philosophy of Bitcoin?
法币的问题在于，金融危机发生的时候，法币贬值，社会财富缩水，当旧的法定货币崩溃时，人们便会涌向比特币，把比特币作为新的资产避风港——“21世纪版的黄金”，所以中本聪这些人通过技术手段来实现这件事。
The problem with French currency is that when the financial crisis comes, the French currency depreciates, the wealth of society shrinks, and when the old legal currency collapses, people rush to Bitcoin, using it as a new asset haven — the “gold of the twenty-first century” — so that these people do it by technical means.
第一， 从积极面考虑，要做一个数字货币，那数字货币就一定要有一个数字化的账本。但如果数据库在中本聪手上，是很容易被篡改的，他想人人都可以参与记账和获得账本，这就是区块链里很重要的分布式账本，任何人都可以下载这个账本。这样账本就不在一个人手里，保证了它的安全性和可行性，
First, if there is to be a digital currency, there must be a digitized account book. If the database is in the hands of China, it can be easily tampered with. He wants everyone to be involved in the bookkeeping and obtaining the account book, which is an important distributed account in the block chain, and anyone can download it. That way, the account book is not in the hands of one person, and it is safe and viable.
第二， 账本即便是不在同一个人手里，但“修改起来还是挺容易的”，为什么比特币可以做到永久，不可逆转修改且全网公开透明的呢？
Secondly, even if the books are not in the same person's hands, “it's easy to modify”, why can bitcoin be permanent, irreversible and open and transparent?
按理说，所有基于区块链的应用都能做到这一点，但是目前只有比特币能做到。
Logically, all block chain-based applications can do this, but only bitcoin can do it at this time.
原因分为四点：
There are four reasons for this:
1，比特币交易记录不可逆转。
1. The transactions recorded in Bitcoin are irreversible.
因为比特币是基于时间流的记录，时间（ 目前来讲 ）不可倒流，所以比特币交易记录不可逆转。同时，比特币是一个复式记帐本，上一个十分钟的交易记录哈希值又被记录在下一个十分钟的block里，所以，对之前任意交易记录的修改，都会导致后面所有交易记录的变化，这样就保证了它的可溯源性。其次，每一笔交易都全网公开，所有人都能看到“A地址到B地址发生了一笔100比特币的交易”，并来验证这笔交易没有重复支付，只有合法的交易才能被计入block，之后所有的人也可以再查看，所以是全网公开透明。
Since bitcoin is a time flow-based record, and time (for the moment) cannot flow backwards, the bitcoin transaction record is irreversible. At the same time, bitcoin is a double-entry account, and the Hashi value of the previous ten-minute transaction record is recorded in Block in the next ten minutes, changes to any previous transaction record will result in changes in all subsequent transactions, thus ensuring their traceability. Secondly, every transaction is made public online, and everyone can see “A address to B address a 100-bit transaction” and verify that the transaction is not duplicated, that only legitimate transactions can be counted in Block, and then all can look back at it, so it is open and transparent on the Internet.
2，算力去中心化，且巨大。
2 Arithmetic decentralised and huge.
最早中本聪自己挖矿挖了1年，之后7年全球千万矿工一起参与到挖矿的过程中，所以想要修改交易记录，算力只有超过全网51%的算力才可能实现，而这几乎是不可能。
After one year at the earliest, and seven years after millions of miners from all over the world were involved in the mining process, it was almost impossible to change the record of the transaction if the calculus was more than 51 per cent more than the net.
3，交易记录存储去中心化。
3. Repository of transaction records to centralize.
每十分钟生成一个block，这个记账权可能被世界任何一个地方的人抢到，比特币通过算法来计算一个值，这个值是哈希碰撞的次数，如果算到“值”就给他记账权，获得比特币，大家存在一种共识就是谁先算到这个值谁就来记账，避免记账权利始终掌握在一个人手中，这就是所谓的挖矿，所以交易记录就有可能存储在世界各地，而不是某个中心机构，比如支付宝。
Every 10 minutes, a block is created, and that right of account may be seized by anyone anywhere in the world. Bitcoin calculates a value by algorithm, which is the number of Hashi collisions. If the value is counted, he is given the right of account, and he is given the right of bitcoin. There is a common understanding that whoever gets the value first, who keeps it, avoids that the right of record keeping is always in the hands of one person, which is known as mining, so that the record of the transaction is likely to be stored around the world, rather than in a central institution, such as paying the treasure.
4，规则制定去中心化。
4. Decentralization of rule-making.
任何人都可以提出比特币协议的修改或改变，并写出相应的代码，但是否被采纳就要看是不是能拥有全网超过51%的算力。
Anyone can propose changes or changes to the Bitcoin agreement and write the corresponding code, but whether or not it is adopted depends on the ability to have more than 51 per cent of the value of the net.
以上四点也就保证了比特币永久，不可逆向修改且全网公开透明。
The four points above also guarantee that Bitcoin is permanent, irreversibly modified and fully open and transparent on the Internet.
第三，隐私保护。 无论比特币还是今天的区块链都不需要提交隐私，但在各类APP里面享有服务是需要提交各类身份信息，在比特币里面只要拿到私钥，这个钥匙就是打开钱包里财富最关键的东西，如果丢了就什么都没有了。
Third, privacy protection. Neither Bitcoin nor today’s block chain requires the submission of privacy, but access to services in various types of APPs requires the submission of all kinds of identity information. In bitcoin, the key is the key to the wealth in the wallet, and if it is lost, nothing.
另外，今天的体制是没有跟上节奏的，就像淘宝的卖家不是淘宝的员工，但“卖家”却为平台创造价值和财富，所以这种组织形式已经发生变化。
Moreover, today's system has not kept pace, as if the sellers of treasures were not employees of treasures, but the “sellers” created value and wealth for the platform, so that the form of organization has changed.
区块链最开始是一个无政府主义和不相信今天秩序的人，和建立秩序的人的博弈，所以这就是今天区块链所带来的意义和价值。
The block chain was first and foremost a game between anarchists and those who do not believe in today's order and those who build it, so that is the meaning and value of today's block chain.
如果要设计一个应用，以术的角度来解决问题，我觉得这个应用是不被看好的，即所谓的不可篡改是基于技术之上的，但是并没有任何大的意义。因为如果没有组织出社区文化，区块链是失去魅力和价值的。
If you're going to design an application that solves the problem from a technical point of view, I don't think it's going to be appreciated, that the so-called non-roguable application is based on technology, but it doesn't make any sense. Because without organizing a community culture, the chain of blocks is unattractive and unworthy.
最后，区块链的基本面是什么？
Finally, what are the fundamentals of the block chain?
以基础链来说，包含三个东西：
In the basic chain, there are three things:
一、价值观，价值观的大小代表社区的容量。
I. Values, their size, represent the capacity of the community.
二、好的激励模型。
II. Good incentive models.
三、有生命力，甚至是不可消灭的技术。
Thirdly, technologies that are viable and even inexorable.
假设做一个去中心化的媒体，肯定有人信仰它，但是把服务器关掉就没有生命力了，所以区块链平台，拥有这三个基本面是很关键的。
Assuming that some people believe in it as a decentralized media, but turning off the server is no longer viable, it is critical that the three fundamentals of the block chain platform be possessed.
你会发现企业也是一样的，区别在于尾部员工是因为薪资，理性的决定参与进来的，最上层的创始人是相信未来可以做更大的事情，来建立这个秩序。
You'll find that the same is true for businesses, and the difference is that the tail employee is involved in pay, rational decisions, and the top founders believe that the future can do more to build this order.
区块链用技术重新定义现在的价值体系，是一次全球化、无国界的技术革命。
The block chain uses technology to redefine the current value system and is a technological revolution that is globalized and borderless.
所以，区块链的一切都依赖于去中心化的、不可消灭的技术属性和经济激励模型。
So everything in the block chain depends on decentralised, inexorable technical attributes and economic incentive models.
Q：区块链作为一个技术，怎么能用到商业场景，比如农产品溯源问题，如何确保产品的真实性？
Q: How can the block chain, as a technology, be used in business scenarios, such as agricultural traceability, and how can the authenticity of products be ensured?
杨帆： 这些事情其实不应该用区块链来解决，甚至区块链在这个阶段它不是解决这类问题的，当然行业里很多在做这件事，比如猪肉从A地运到B地，怎么证实猪肉还是那个猪身上的肉？其实中心化已经解决这个问题了，区块链并非是刚需。
These things shouldn't really be solved by a block chain, even if at this stage they don't solve the problem. Of course, a lot of the industry is doing this, such as moving pork from A to B, how can it be confirmed that pork is still meat on that pig? In fact, centralization has solved the problem, and the chain is not just needed.
我在16年的时候，研究过一个应用，就是“疫苗之殇”，比如我们把厂商、渠道方、医院所有生产的东西全部写到链上，这个链记录哪个渠道拿了多少支，最终给到医院多少支，宝妈扫二维码可以看到哪个是打在孩子身上的，中心化其实能解决的，但因为很多人信不过，所以当真的出问题的时候，所有环节把各自的手续拿出来做信用背书，从技术角度来看，很多的事情，中心化都能够解决。
In 16 years, I studied one of the applications, the “cancer” — so we put everything we produce in the chain — the manufacturer, the channel, the hospital — and the chain records how many we get, and how many we end up in the hospital — and Bo can see what's on the child, but because many people can't trust it, so when we really have a problem, all the links are backed up by credit. From a technical point of view, a lot of things can be solved centrally.
但实际上区块链在里面起到的价值，只是用到了区块链的技术属性，即“术”的层面，“无法篡改、无法抵赖”的特性，很多技术能解决这类问题，甚至用区块链解决成本更高，达成共识来一起建立节点。
In practice, however, the value of the block chain is merely to use the technical attributes of the block chain, i.e. the “technical” dimension, the “irreversible and indefensible” dimension, and many technologies can solve such problems, even using the block chain to solve higher costs and build nodes together.
今天区块链它最牛的一块，依旧是区块链的存在产生出硬通货，让投融资变得更简单，即便大多数项目的确就是为了圈钱，但部分项目还是解决了很多实际问题，比在传统的VC里融资会更加方便。
Today's block chain, its best piece, continues to be the existence of a block chain that generates hard currency and makes the financing of investments simpler. Even though most projects are really about money, some of the projects solve many practical problems, which are easier to finance than in traditional VCs.
另外，社会的发展是一定需要监管的，才能让违法的人付出代价，让这件事情变得更好。
Moreover, the development of society must be regulated in order to make it easier for offenders to pay the price.
文章为作者独立观点，不代表虎嗅网立场
The article is an independent opinion of the author and does not represent the position of the tiger sniffer.
更多资讯请点击虎嗅网
For more information, please click at .
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论