今天这篇文章我们介绍，加密货币的「私钥」、「公钥」和「地址」是什么，三者又是如何产生的。以下就以比特币的协议来介绍地址、公钥、私钥，流程较为复杂，我会简化某些流程，方便大家阅读。
Today's article describes what the "private key", "public key" and "address" of encrypted money are, and how they are generated. Here's the following: bitcoin, which describes addresses, public keys, private keys, and processes that are complicated.
「私钥」是一段由电脑随机产生的乱数，包含了大约五十个数字和大小写字母， 没有固定的逻辑和规则。私钥与公钥是成对产生的，世界上只会有一组，不会重复，在加密货币的世界裡，公钥会散布在网路上，但「私钥」只能本人持有，因此「私钥」就代表资产的所有权，谁拥有「私钥」谁就拥有该钱包地址中的使用权，所以千万要好好保管你的「私钥」，不要随便交付任何人，也不要将它记在任何可能被窃取的电脑或云端硬碟。
The "principal key" is a random computer number, containing about 50 numbers and case letters, with no fixed logic and rules. The private key is created in pairs with the public key, there is only one set in the world that is not repeated. In a world of encrypted currency, the public key is scattered on the Internet, but the "private key" is held by itself, so the "principal key" represents the ownership of the asset, and whoever has the "private key" has the right to use it in the wallet address.
比特币的「公钥」是透过称为「椭圆曲线加密」的演算法（也就是上图的 SECP256K1）对「私钥」进行加密后所产生的一组乱数。「椭圆曲线密码学」的算法为不可逆，也就是说，即使「公钥」暴露，也不会影响「私钥」的安全性，因为没办法藉由「公钥」推算出「私钥」。这点非常重要，可说整个加密货币密码学的匿名和安全都是架构于这个基础之上。
Bitcoin's "public key" is a set of numbers created by encryption of "private key" through an algorithm called "Ellipse Curve Encryption" (the SEP256K1 above). The "Elliptical Cage" algorithm is irreversible, that is, even if the "public key" is exposed, it does not affect the security of the "private key" because it is not possible to extrapolate the "private key" by "public key". This is very important, to say that the anonymity and security of the entire encryption currency cryptography are structured on this basis.
比特币地址是根据「公钥」经过两次杂凑函数（上图的 SHA256）转换为「公钥哈希」，这个过程同样是不可逆的，之后再将「公钥哈希」经过编码推算得到地址。地址的功能是接收比特币，某个地址收到比特币后， 只有拥有该地址对应「私钥」的人才能使用它。
The Bitcoin address is converted from a " public key" to "public key Hash" on the basis of the "public key" twice (SHA256 above), a process that is also irreversible, and then the "public key Hash" is coded to the address. The function of the address is to receive bitcoin, & nbsp when one of the addresses receives bitcoin; it can only be used by the person who owns the address against the "private key".
如果读到这，你脑袋一片混乱，那就看完这张图，然后记住:
If you read this and your head is in a mess, read this picture and remember:
通过『私钥』可以得到计算过程中所有的值。(所以千万要保管好)
You can get all the values in the calculation process through the Private Key.
私钥锁起来的，公钥可以解开。公钥锁的，私钥可以解开。
If the private key is locked, the public key can be unlocked. If the public key is unlocked, the private key can be unlocked.
只有『公钥哈希』和『钱包地址』可以通过互逆运算进行转换，所以它们是等价的。之所以要进行编码是为了「可读性」。
Only the Public Key Hash and the Wallet Address can be converted by cross-counting, so they are equivalent. The coding is for readability.
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