罗马帝国分裂后，金银瞬间紧张，因为用于铸造金币的贵金属大部分被熔化囤积起来或被教堂、其他机构收入囊中，权威机构也对货币和经济进行了加强管制，这就导致了货币越来越虚拟化从一种实物形式逐渐转变成了一种记账工具，在货币的漫长发展史中货币也逐渐的向抽象的形式发展。
After the break-up of the Roman Empire, there was a sudden tension in the gold and silver, as most of the precious metals used to forge gold coins were smelted up or accumulated by churches, other institutions' bags of income, and the authorities strengthened the regulation of money and the economy, which led to the gradual transformation of currency virtualization from a physical form to an instrument of record keeping, and the gradual evolution of currency into an abstract form in the long history of currency development.
货币的历史演化过程
historical evolution of currency
货币出现后首先是从商品货币向符号货币的演化：例如商店内的一件商品兑换成了一张借据，那么这张借据就是一种符号货币。最初的符号货币是有形的，例如此案例中的借据就是以纸张的形式存在的，拿着这张借据就可以向发行者进行兑换。
As a currency emerges, it begins with the evolution of a commodity currency to a symbolic currency: for example, a commodity in a store is converted into a loan, so this loan is a sign currency. The initial sign currency is tangible, for example, in this case the loan is in paper form, and with this loan it can be exchanged with the issuer.
之后货币逐渐演变成了银行账户上的一串数字，变成了一种无形的符号货币。还有一种是符号与其所代表的债权债务关系的脱钩，即货币不再能够兑现为信用抵押品，两条路径在不可兑现的无形符号货币处汇合，成为了现代货币的长期形态。
has evolved into a series of numbers in bank accounts and into an invisible sign currency. There is also a decoupling of the link between the symbol and the debt of the claim it represents, namely, that the currency can no longer be cashed as a collateral for credit, and that the two paths converge in an intangible sign of an undeposable currency and become a permanent form of modern currency.
在互联网时代，账户和支付过程逐渐电子化，存在于商业平台账户中的符号货币成为了一般意义上的交易媒介，虽说是非法定货币机构发行的，但仍然遵循中心化的发行方式，依托于现有的货币和金融体系，通过传统银行和持照交易所获得金融权力，这也是数字货币最初的形式。
In the Internet age, accounts and payment processes were gradually electronicized, and sign money, which existed in commercial platform accounts, became the general medium of transactions, although it was issued by illegal money-fixing agencies, but it remained centralized, depending on the existing monetary and financial system, and obtained financial power through traditional banks and licensed exchanges, which was also the original form of digital money.
数字货币再进一步的发展就演变成了“虚拟货币”。“虚拟货币”挣脱了传统的中心化发行方式，它不依靠现有的金融机构和管理机构，只要有互联网的存在，“虚拟货币”就可以交易，这无疑是对传统金融体系的冲击。
The further development of digital currencies has evolved into “virtual currencies.” “virtual currencies” have moved away from traditional centralized issuances, which do not depend on existing financial institutions and regulators, and “virtual currencies” can be traded as long as the Internet exists, which is undoubtedly a shock to the traditional financial system.
数字货币这种特殊的形式引起了社会各界广泛的关注和争议。有人认为它颠覆了传统的经济理论，没有政府的信用做背书，货币也缺乏了真正的“内在价值”。但支持者却认为，这种形式的数字货币能够弥补传统货币体系的不足，也是一种社会治理的新形态。
The special form of digital currency has given rise to widespread concern and controversy in all sectors of society. Some argue that it subverts traditional economic theory, that there is no government credit to endorse it, and that the currency lacks a true “inherent value.” But proponents argue that digital money in this form can compensate for the shortcomings of the traditional monetary system and is a new form of social governance.
基于特定的共识缓解信息不对称
Relieving information asymmetries based on specific consensus
区块链的去中心化特点为数字货币的发展提供了有力的技术支撑。分布式账本、智能合约以及token治理成为了区块链所构建的金融市场中的主要元素，并为数字货币在该金融领域中的应用提供了坚实的理论依据。
the decentralised character of the block chain provides a powerful technical support for the development of digital money. Distributive books, smart contracts, and token governance have become the main elements of the financial markets constructed by the block chain and have provided a solid theoretical basis for the application of digital money in this financial field.
区块链基于独特的共识性机制方式可以通过集体的共识意愿来维护网络和数据，好处就是数据完全公开，各节点间匿名操作，整个过程公开透明，可追溯任何一笔交易。即使一个节点出现问题也不会影响整体的进度，避免了参差不齐的参与者导致的问题，在一定程度上缓解了信息不对称的问题。
block chains, based on a unique consensual mechanism, can maintain networks and data through a collective and consensual willingness, with the advantage that the data are completely open, anonymously operated between nodes, the entire process is open and transparent, and any transaction can be traced. Even a problem at a node does not affect overall progress, avoids problems caused by uneven participants and, to some extent, mitigates information asymmetries.
实现价值跨链流转
缓解信息不对称是区块链技术所做的第一步。信息和价值的流通是目前所要面对的问题之一。
Relieving information asymmetries is the first step in block chain technology. The flow of information and values is one of the problems currently facing.
当大量的信息和价值只能在自己的链上进行交易和流通时，就会产生“信息孤岛”。不能进行信息和资产的互通，就会影响很多功能和场景实现的条件。
When a great deal of information and value can only be traded and circulated on their own chains, there will be an "information silo". Failure to communicate information and assets will affect the conditions for many functions and scenarios to be realized.
跨链传输的提出就是为了能够实现区块链间的互相协作，使其能够产生交互满足多资产和信息的流通，同时也让人力、商品等实现互联互通，可以提高资源配置效率和市场的有效性。
Trans-chain transmission is proposed to enable collaboration between block chains, enabling the flow of multi-asset and information to interact, and to make humans, commodities, etc., interconnected, more efficient resource allocation and market effectiveness.
因此力图实现价值跨链流转的跨链技术应运而生，这使得区块链有望真正成为新一代价值互联网。在这个领域，大家的关注度最高的就是波卡。
and therefore seeks to bring about a trans-chain of technology that crosses the chain of values, which makes it possible to actually become a new generation of value Internets. In this area, the highest attention is paid to Poca.
区块链在数字货币上的应用为去中介化的金融形式提供了理论依据，同时也向价值跨链的方向发展。
The application of block chains to digital currency provides a theoretical basis for de-intermediated forms of finance while also moving in the direction of cross-chain values.
当然，目前的区块链行业还有很多不合规的问题，但随着国家政策的发行和支持以及国家头部企业在区块链领域进行布局和落地应用，围绕区块链的一系列问题都会慢慢的得到解决，相信区块链在金融领域以及国家数字货币发行上会提供更多的帮助，也会为我们社会生活带来前所未有的改变。
of course, there are still a lot of non-compliance problems in the current block chain industry, but with the issuance and support of national policies and the deployment of State heads in the area of block chain layout and landing, a series of problems surrounding the block chain will be resolved slowly, believing that the block chain will be more helpful in the financial field and in the issuance of national digital currency, and will bring about unprecedented changes in our social life.
参考文献：
Reference:
《一文读懂货币演化的历史》
《数字货币：从经济到社会》返回搜狐，查看更多
Digital Currency: From Economy to Society
责任编辑：
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论