【关注】我国区块链产业形势分析与发展建议

国家层面，顶层规划路径随着2021年多项文件的出台已经基本明确。《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》提出培育壮大包括区块链在内的新兴数字产业，《“十四五”软件和信息技术服务业发展规划》中区块链被作为新兴平台软件之一进行布局，《关于加快推动区块链技术应用和产业发展的指导意见》提出了赋能实体经济、提升公共服务等五方面重点任务。地方层面，各地纷纷结合地方产业特色出台专项政策支持区块链产业发展，目前已有19省(自治区、直辖市)出台区块链专项支持政策37份。北京市提出建设自主可控的底层开源技术平台，建设具有国际影响力的区块链开源社区；江苏省立足制造业优势，推动零部件溯源、产品全生命周期管理、协同制造等制造业领域的区块链应用。

At the national level, the top-level planning path is largely clear with the introduction of several documents in 2021. The 14th Five-Year Plan for the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Vision 2035 Framework for the Development of Visions of the People's Republic of China provide for the development of new digital industries, including block chains. The 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Software and Information Technology Services has been configured as one of the emerging platform software. The Guidance for Accelerating Technological Applications and Industrial Development of the Block Chains sets out five priority tasks, including the enabling entity economy and the upgrading of public services.

底层技术多路径同步演进，自主技术创新亮点层出不穷。底层技术方面，链间互操作、硬件、智能合约安全、隐私保护等关键技术领域研究不断取得进展，区块链平台整体向高性能、高安全、强隐私、互联互通方向迈进；区块链与人工智能、隐私计算的融合创新取得突破，百度发布可信分布式AI产品“链桨（Paddle DTX）”，蚂蚁链推出隐私计算原生平台“FAIR”。自主创新方面，北京微芯研究院联合多家高校、企业共同研发了交易吞吐能力达到10万TPS的“长安链软硬件技术体系”，并发布了基于RISC-V开放指令集的96核区块链专用加速芯片。标准化方面，国内标准化“四梁八柱”确立，国际影响力显著增强。我国2021年成立了全国区块链和分布式记账技术标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC590），已立项国家标准8项、行业标准4项、地方标准18项。国际标准化工作方面，中国在ISO、ITU等国际标准组织担任重要角色，例如中国牵头了ISO TC307技术委员会“ISO TR 6277 数据流动模型”研究项目。

bottom-of-the-art multi-pathic evolution, with a steady rise in the number of bright spots for autonomous technological innovation. , bottom-of-line technology research on interlink interoperability, hardware, smart contract security, privacy protection, etc., is progressing in key technical areas such as

政策与资本双重驱动下，我国区块链产业生态已经初具雏形，根据零壹智库数据，截至2021年12月，全国共有120810家企业在企业名称/曾用名、经营范围或产品资料等工商登记信息中含有“区块链”字样。中央网信办已发布七批共1705个境内区块链信息服务名称及备案编号。应用落地方面，我国区块链应用已从金融向其他领域加速渗透，与各行各业创新融合。其中传统行业领域已出现大量典型落地应用案例，例如政务领域中趣链科技建设的浙江省商务厅数据交换平台可服务数十万外贸企业，年融资金额可达数千亿。区块链与隐私计算等新兴技术的融合以及区块链在双碳等新兴领域的应用快速发展，例如腾讯云区块链推出区块链隐私计算平台“数链通”，将区块链与隐私计算结合实现全程闭环的数据安全和隐私服务。此外，区块链在元宇宙等尚在萌芽期的产业也出现了应用探索。

As of December 2021, there were 12,0810 businesses in the country with business registration information, such as business names/names, fields of operation or product information, with the words “block chains” in the traditional sectors. The Central Network Office has published seven sets of names and filing numbers for the chain information services in the interior of 1705. With regard to application sites, the network application has accelerated financial penetration from other areas, integrating with industry innovations in the sectors. In the traditional sectors of industry, there are a large number of examples of landing applications, such as the data exchange platform of the Business Office of the Province of the River, which has built interesting chains in the public domain, which can serve hundreds of thousands of foreign trade enterprises and which can finance thousands of millions of dollars a year.

底层平台方面，当前我国大部分的区块链应用项目仍是基于国外开源平台Hyperledger Fabric二次开发，自主底层平台使用较少且应用普及度不高。可信执行环境方面，ARM TrustZone和Intel SGX仍是主流技术选择，自主技术尚不成熟。复杂环境方面，随着海量的终端设备、复杂的网络环境、异构的平台互联成为发展趋势，区块链软硬件协同、异构节点部署等相关核心技术需提前布局。

With regard to the bottom of the platform, most of our current block-chain application projects are still based on the secondary development of the foreign open source platform Hyperledger Fabric, with less use and less widespread application of the autonomous bottom platform. of the credible implementation environment , ARM TrustZone and Intel SGX are still mainstream technology options and are not yet mature.

我国区块链标准体系中，团体标准发展最早、速度最快，当前已有涵盖多领域的团体标准70余个。然而由于发展速度过快，团体标准出现了数量上供大于求、内容质量上不同标准文件中定义不统一的情况，可能导致行业无所适从，难以起到对产业发展的引导作用。

The group standards are the oldest and fastest developed in the system of block chain standards in our country, with more than 70 group standards now covering a wide range of areas. However, because of the rapid pace of development, the group standards are being defined in a number of standard documents that are larger in quantity than in demand and different in content quality, which may lead to a discomfort in the industry and make it difficult to guide the development of the industry.

一是技术安全挑战，包括区块链本身作为信息技术面临的算法漏洞、智能合约编程漏洞等安全挑战以及过度依赖国外开源平台、技术产品等引发的信息基础设施安全问题。二是金融监管风险，主要是类Libra/Diem的跨境金融基础设施对我国外汇、反洗钱管理要求可能带来的冲击。

is a technological security challenge, and includes the security challenges of the block chain itself as a algorithmic gap facing information technology, an intelligent contract programming gap, and the security of information infrastructure caused by excessive reliance on open-source platforms, technology products, etc. is a financial regulatory risk, > is primarily the possible impact of the cross-border financial infrastructure of class Libra/Diem on our foreign exchange, anti-money-laundering management requirements.

当前众多区块链行业应用仍存在深度不足、可持续性差等问题，实际开展业务的企业主体占比工商注册数量较低。部分项目过度依靠财政资金而缺乏商业模式考量，交付后难以发挥价值、无法长期运转。同时，数字藏品、元宇宙等新兴领域政策引导及监管思路尚不明确，市场在创新与风险之间徘徊前进。

加强底层技术研究，包括区块链网络协同的关键技术、异构节点部署关键技术、基于区块链的可信认证技术等。加快底层技术与自主软硬件环境的兼容适配，形成信创产业对区块链技术创新的带动效应。推动区块链与隐私计算、物联网等新兴技术融合发展，保障数据安全与可信采集。学习借鉴Hyperledger、以太坊等国外区块链开源社区组织模式，通过开源促进自主技术创新与应用推广。

enhances research on bottom technologies, including key technologies for block network synergy, the deployment of key technologies for isthotic nodes, credible authentication techniques based on block chains, etc. Accelerates the compatibility of bottom technologies with the autonomous hardware and software environment, creating the driving force of innovation in the IT industry on block chains. Promotes the integration of block chains with emerging technologies such as privacy computing, physical networking, etc., and guarantees data security and credible collection. Learning from the Hyperledger, Ether and other community based models of open-source community organizations in foreign blocks, promotes autonomous technology innovation and application through open source.

以TC590为抓手，联合产学研各方力量，构建全面覆盖区块链基础共性、关键应用示范、安全保障等维度的标准体系。积极开展标准宣贯和解读工作，推动标准体系高质量建设，有效指导我国区块链产业发展。加快构建国际交流合作平台，持续增强我国标准在国际组织中的影响力。

, with TC590 as its focus, combines production and research efforts to build a standard system that fully covers the basic commonality of the block chain, demonstration of key applications, safety and security dimensions.

对于区块链应用已经较为成熟的领域，引导行业应用从重数量向重质量转变，通过典型案例征集等方式形成示范效应。对于处于探索阶段的领域，如元宇宙、数字文创、数字藏品等，应加强安全风险研究，依托行业内具有公信力和广泛影响力的平台积极发声，引导新兴领域健康有序发展。

leads to a shift in industrial applications from heavy quantity to heavy quality applications, with demonstration effects, for example, through typical case collections. For areas at the exploration stage, such as meta-cosm, digital creation, digital collections, etc., safety risk studies should be strengthened, building on the active voice of a credible and influential platform within the industry to guide healthy and orderly development in emerging areas.

加强安全监管技术的研究，包括嵌入式、穿透式监管技术，并通过具体监管场景应用对监管科技进行迭代优化。建立健全监管制度，研究NFT等新兴区块链技术的监管体系，坚持审慎包容的监管原则，探索在沙盒监管模式下开展试点。

Research to strengthen safety regulatory techniques, including embedded, penetrating regulatory techniques, and to optimize regulatory technologies through specific regulatory landscape applications. Establish sound regulatory systems, study regulatory systems for emerging block chain technologies, such as NFTs, adhere to the principles of prudential and inclusive regulation, and explore piloting under the sandbox regulatory model.

• 杨梦琦，国家工业信息安全发展研究中心软件所工程师，主要从事区块链、NFT等领域研究工作。

  Yang Monky, National Centre for Industrial Information Security Development Software Engineer, mainly in the areas of block chains and NFT.

  联系电话：(+86)15811049369

  Tel. : (+86) 15811049369