贺江兵
He's a soldier.
比特币本身具有一定的价值，更值钱的是挖矿机，在购买挖矿机和购买比特币的过程中，最容易实施庞氏骗局这种古老骗术。据悉，已经有人在利用比特币进行这种活动了。
& nbsp; & nbsp; Bitcoin itself has a certain value, more valuable than a miner, which is the most likely to carry out an old ponzi scheme in the process of purchasing a miner and bitcoin.
有投资比特币的投资者对《华夏时报》记者讲述过投资挖矿机的故事，投资100万，第一个月给20万的回报，之后便越来越少。这种投资是把人民币兑换成比特币，然后再购买挖矿机，然后再根据挖出的比特币进行分成。另外一种方式是，建立比特币私募基金，有专门的技术人员操作买卖。已有中国大妈参与了这两种操作比特币的活动。
& nbsp; & nbsp; Investors with an investment in Bitcoin told the Reporter of the Summer Times about investing in a miner, investing 1 million dollars, with a return of 200,000 in the first month, and then less and less. The investment is to exchange the renminbi for bitcoin, then buy the miner, and then divide it according to the bitcoin that was dug up. Another way is to set up a Bitcoin private fund with specialized technicians to run the business.
比特币的特殊性导致成为洗钱和庞氏骗局最佳工具。
& nbsp; & nbsp; Bitcoin speciality leads to being the best tool for money laundering and Ponzi fraud.
比特币的价值
The value of bitcoin.
产生于2009年的比特币(BitCoin)是一种P2P形式的数字代码。比特币不依靠特定货币机构发行，它依据特定算法，通过大量的计算产生，比特币经济使用整个P2P网络中众多节点构成的分布式数据库来确认并记录所有的交易行为。这是来自百度百科的定义。
& nbsp; & nbsp; Bitcoin from 2009 is a P2P-type digital code. Bitcoin is not issued by a specific monetary institution, it is generated by a large number of calculations, and the Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database consisting of numerous nodes in the entire P2P network to identify and record all transactions. This is a definition from a 100-degree encyclopedia.
比特币只有2100万个，截至12月13日，已经被开采出来1207万个，剩下893万个。开采比特币现在需要特殊的设备，并且，剩下得越少，开采的难度就会越大，需要设备的计算难度就会越高，设备更新的速度就会越快。
& nbsp; & nbsp; Bitcoin has only 21 million, and as of December 13, 12.7 million have been mined, leaving 8.93 million. Mining bitcoin now requires special equipment, and the less it is left, the harder it will be, the more difficult it will be to calculate and the faster it will be to upgrade the equipment.
笔者认识一位朋友有两台挖矿机，一台大约2万元，约20公斤，噪音很大，挖比特币的速度大约是每天挖0.1个；每天耗电24度，大约三个月后将会被淘汰升级。先不论比特币是不是货币，先把其定义为特殊商品，那么生产比特币是有现实成本的。这位朋友生产一个比特币的成本不含人工大约为2342元。
& nbsp; & nbsp; I know a friend with two excavators, about $20,000, about 20 kg, loud noise, about 0.1 bitcoins per day; 24 degrees per day, and about three months per day, will be phased out and upgraded. First, regardless of whether or not Bitcoin is a currency, there is a real cost of producing bitcoins. The cost of producing a bitcoin is about $2342 per person.
据其介绍，比特币越挖越难挖，大约每过12天，挖矿的难度就会增加很多，最多过三个月，原来的挖矿机就需要更新了。需要花更多的钱购买更先进的设备。
& nbsp; & nbsp; According to it, bitcoin is harder to dig, and in about 12 days, the difficulty of digging is much greater, up to a maximum of three months, and the original miner needs to be updated. More money is needed to buy more advanced equipment.
这是最普通的挖矿机，现在市面上有更高级的挖矿机高达60万元人民币，甚至有更高价格的挖矿机。
& nbsp; & nbsp; This is the most common miner, and there are now more advanced mine excavators on the market up to RMB 600,000 or even higher prices.
总之，比特币设计的程序复杂，每个比特币只有一个唯一的密码，比特币设计者对程序的开发和计算机设备有间接贡献。而比特币生产过程中，确实消耗了人力和财力，有现实的生产成本。可以视之为商品，也应该有合理的价格。
& nbsp; & nbsp; In short, bitcoin is a complex program, with only one password per bitcoin, and bitcoin designers contribute indirectly to program development and computer equipment. Bitcoin production does consume human and financial resources and has real production costs.
比特币不是货币
Bitcoinisnotcurrency.
去掉比特币繁琐的程序设计和名字外，我觉得中国央行定义比特币还是准确的：虚拟商品。
& nbsp; & nbsp; Remove Bitcoin's cumbersome program design and name, and I think the Central Bank of China defines Bitcoin as accurate: virtual merchandise.
上篇文章，笔者曾对货币和货币的职能做过摘要，不再赘述。如果读者还不理解，我们可以举个现实的例子。
& nbsp; & nbsp; The previous article, where I had summarized the function of money and currency and did not repeat it. If the reader does not understand, we can give a realistic example.
某天一人宣布在全球埋下2100个特殊记号的石头——当然，不能说石头,得取个好的名字,可以叫牛币，这种牛币可以被挖出来，但是，必须是带有特殊功能的设备才能挖出。
& nbsp; & nbsp; One day a person announces the burying of 2,100 stones with special marks around the globe - of course, not rocks, but a good name, which can be called oxen, which can be excavated, but which must be equipped with special functions to be excavated.
于是，大家开始买特殊设备挖牛币，有很多人真的挖到了，鉴于牛币真的越来越值钱，并且炒作的东西越来越多，全球发行二维码唯一性、不可复制、不记名；全球限量版。
& nbsp; & nbsp; So, you start buying special equipment to dig up cattle, and a lot of people actually dig it up. Given the fact that they're worth more and more and more and more, two-dimensional uniqueness, non-repelict, non-nominal, global limit version.
甚至有人说100个牛币在深圳可以买一套房子，于是，大家纷纷接受牛币，慈善机构也接受牛币捐款，公司接受牛币投资。
& nbsp; & nbsp; Even some say that 100 bounties can buy a house in Shenzhen, so people accept the bounties, charities accept the bounties, companies accept the bounties.
而挖掘牛币是有成本的，越挖越少，设备更新，耗费汽油和人工，于是，牛币更牛了，纷纷涨价。
& nbsp; & nbsp; and & nbsp; The digging costs, the less the digging, the more the equipment, the more the gasoline and the labour, so the cow price increases.
于是，有人提议合伙集资买牛币挖掘机；有人建立基金购买牛币。
& nbsp; & nbsp; so, a proposal was made to co-finance the purchase of a oxen excavator; and a fund was established to purchase oxen.
其实，牛币就一块石头；而比特币就一虚拟的石头，比较特殊而已。
& nbsp; & nbsp; in fact, a cow coin is a stone; and Bitcoin is a virtual stone, which is special.
有人说比特币可以购买商品具有货币最基本的职能。你看看，我说的牛币——也就是那款特殊的石头，也可以购买商品，事实上，任何商品都具备购买或换回另一种商品的功能，哪怕原本一文不值的石头。
& nbsp; & nbsp; some say that bitcoin can buy goods with the most basic function of money. You see, when I say cow coins -- that is, the special stone -- can buy goods, and in fact, any commodity has the function of buying or replacing another commodity, even if it is worthless.
这款石头牛币被炒高以后，就带来了一个完整的产业链，只要牛币上涨，大家都受益。一旦暴跌，各种风险就会随之爆发。
& nbsp; & nbsp; when the stone & & nbsp is blown up, it brings a whole chain of industry, and everyone benefits as long as the & nbsp rises. Once it collapses, the risks erupt.
比特币金融风险
Bitcoin Financial Risk
各国央行之所以对比特币容忍度较高，因为，比特币体量较小2100万个，即便每个炒到1万美元，不过区区2100亿美元而已。有很多人担心比特币取代美元或者对美元产生冲击，的确有点杞人忧天了。
& nbsp; & nbsp; central banks have a higher degree of tolerance than Tetco because there are 21 million smaller bitcoins, even if they are paid $10,000 each, but only $21 billion. Many people fear that Bitcoins will replace or impact on the dollar.
中国方面为何对比特币进行监管和不承认其法定货币地位？
& nbsp; & nbsp; Why does the Chinese side regulate and do not recognize its legal monetary status?
比特币本身对中国人民币的冲击和影响不会比美国大多少，而比特币引发的相关风险，在中国要比其他国家高很多。
& nbsp; & nbsp; Bitcoin itself will not have a much greater impact on the Chinese renminbi than the United States, and the associated risks associated with Bitcoin are much higher in China than in other countries.
首先，或已有庞氏骗局。据反映，已有人利用挖矿机进行此活动。有人把60万元的挖矿机分成六份，每份10万元，可以认购一份或多份。首次投资即可获得约20%回报。这就是典型的旁氏骗局，拿后来投资者的本金为先投资者分红。
& nbsp; & nbsp; first of all, or there is already a Ponzi scheme. It is reported that a mining machine has been used to carry out this activity. One or more of the 600,000-dollar miners can be ordered. The first investment is about 20%. This is typical of the Ponzi scheme, where later investors' principals are split into first investors.
其次，利用比特币建立私募基金。无论是挖矿还是直接进行比特币买卖，都需要十分专业的技术，在大肆炒作比特币只涨不跌的背景下，那些没有计算机和金融专业背景的投资者甚至大妈们，通过各种途径找到这些比特币私募基金进行投资。
& nbsp; & nbsp; and, secondly, the use of bitcoin for private fund-raising. Whether mining or trading directly in bitcoin requires very professional skills, and investors with no computer or financial professional background, or even mothers, can find ways to invest in these bitcoin private fund-raising funds.
第三，洗钱、资产转移和行贿受贿。近来打击贪腐力度加大，但因为我国的资本项下尚未开放，比特币不具名、全球流通等特点，无论是利用比特币进行行贿受贿，还是资产转移，甚至洗钱、地下钱庄汇款等，都为反贪增加了难度。
& nbsp; & nbsp; Third, Money Laundering, Transfer of Assets, and Bribery. Recent efforts to combat corruption have increased, but because our capital is not yet open, bitcoin, global circulation, etc., whether by using bitcoin for bribes or for asset transfers, even money laundering, underground money transfers, etc., have made it more difficult to fight corruption.
在此情况下，央行联合其他四部委对比特币监管是十分必要的。中国央行提前告知比特币本质和刺穿比特币泡沫，是负责任的表现。比特币挖矿机还有几个风险：比特币越挖越少，需要升级设备的速度会越来越快，挖矿机会越来越贵，一旦比特币出现暴跌，庞氏骗局就很难维持，最后的结局就只能以跑路和破产告终。
& nbsp; & nbsp; In this case, central banks are necessary in conjunction with four other ministries to regulate Bitcoin. The Central Bank of China is responsible for informing Bitcoin in advance of the nature of the bitcoin and the puncture of the bitcoin bubble.
并没有任何人或组织，更没有国家为比特币提供任何形式的担保或承诺，跌破成本价也是有可能的，当然，比特币还是一个很好的投机标的物。
& nbsp; & nbsp; there is no person or organization, much less no State providing any form of guarantee or commitment to Bitcoin, and it is possible to break the cost price, although Bitcoin is a good object of speculation.
突然想起两句话送给比特币和中国大妈们：比特币，没有了祖国你什么都不是！除了你我们谁都不认——人民币！
& nbsp; & nbsp; suddenly thinking of two words for Bitcoin and the Chinese mothers: Bitcoin, you're nothing without the country! No one but you!
(作者为本报总编助理、财经部主任)
(author, Assistant Editor-in-Chief, Director-General, Department of Finance and Economics)
查看更多华夏时报文章，参与华夏时报微信互动（微信搜索「华夏时报」或「chinatimes」）
Read more of the summer Times articles and participate in the summer Times micro-interactions ("/span" or "chinatimes
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